المصلحة في الدعوى المدنية
Date
2025-08-20
Authors
اسلام محمد محمود أبو رميس
Islam Mohammad Mahmoud Abu Rmayes
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds Univeersity
Abstract
يعتبر شرط المصلحة شرطا جوهريا لقبول الدعوى، وهو مناط الدعوى المدنية، أي أن الدعوى لا تُقبل إذا لم يكن هذا الشرط متوافرًا. وهذا يُظهر أهمية شرط المصلحة في القانون الفلسطيني والقضاء الفلسطيني، حيث نصّ قانون أصول المحاكمات المدنية والتجارية الفلسطيني رقم (2) لسنة (2001) في مواده على شرط المصلحة بشكل مباشر، كما طبّق القضاء هذه المواد.
تناولت الباحثة في هذه الدراسة مفهوم شرط المصلحة في الدعوى المدنية، وبيّنت أن معظم التعريفات تشير إلى أن المصلحة هي المنفعة أو الفائدة التي يحصل عليها المدعي من دعواه. ثم شرحت طبيعة هذا الشرط في الدعوى المدنية، والذي يُعدّ شرطًا أساسيًا يجب أن يتوفر حتى تُقبل الدعوى، وفقًا لما نص عليه القانون الفلسطيني، الذي أوضح أن غياب المصلحة يؤدي إلى عدم قبول الدعوى.
كما فرّقت بين شرط المصلحة وشرط الصفة كشرطين لقبول الدعوى، وقد اشترط القانون الفلسطيني توافر كل من الصفة والمصلحة لقبول الدعوى. ثم حدّدت خصائص شرط المصلحة، مثل أن تكون قانونية، وشخصية، ومباشرة، كما أوضحت النصوص والقواعد القانونية المتعلقة بالدفع بانعدام شرط المصلحة، ودور المحكمة والخصوم في إثارة هذا الدفع، والآثار المترتبة عليه، وطرق الطعن فيه.
Palestinian law considered the interest condition to be a matter of public order and clarified that it is the basis of the civil suit, meaning that the suit is not accepted if it does not exist. This clarified the importance of the interest condition in Palestinian law and the Palestinian judiciary, as the Palestinian Civil and Commercial Procedures Law No. 2 of 2001 stipulated in its articles the interest condition directly, and the judiciary also applied these articles. In this study, the researcher discussed the "interest requirement" in civil lawsuits. It was explained that most definitions refer to interest as the benefit or advantage the plaintiff seeks to obtain from filing the case. The study also emphasized that this interest is a fundamental condition for the court to admit the lawsuit. According to Palestinian law, if there is no interest, the case will not be accepted. Just as a distinction was made between the requirement of interest and the requirement of standing as two separate conditions for the admissibility of a lawsuit, the Palestinian law stipulates that both standing and interest must be present for a claim to be accepted. The characteristics of the interest requirement were then identified, such as being legal, personal, and direct. In addition, the legal provisions and rules related to the plea of lack of interest were clarified, along with the role of the court and the litigants in raising this plea, its legal consequences, and the available means of appeal against it. Then, the characteristics of the interest condition were identified, and the legal texts and rules related to the plea of absence of interest were clarified—namely, that the interest must be legal, personal, and direct. The study also clarified the role of the court and the parties in raising this plea, the legal consequences resulting from it, and the available means of appeal.
Palestinian law considered the interest condition to be a matter of public order and clarified that it is the basis of the civil suit, meaning that the suit is not accepted if it does not exist. This clarified the importance of the interest condition in Palestinian law and the Palestinian judiciary, as the Palestinian Civil and Commercial Procedures Law No. 2 of 2001 stipulated in its articles the interest condition directly, and the judiciary also applied these articles. In this study, the researcher discussed the "interest requirement" in civil lawsuits. It was explained that most definitions refer to interest as the benefit or advantage the plaintiff seeks to obtain from filing the case. The study also emphasized that this interest is a fundamental condition for the court to admit the lawsuit. According to Palestinian law, if there is no interest, the case will not be accepted. Just as a distinction was made between the requirement of interest and the requirement of standing as two separate conditions for the admissibility of a lawsuit, the Palestinian law stipulates that both standing and interest must be present for a claim to be accepted. The characteristics of the interest requirement were then identified, such as being legal, personal, and direct. In addition, the legal provisions and rules related to the plea of lack of interest were clarified, along with the role of the court and the litigants in raising this plea, its legal consequences, and the available means of appeal against it. Then, the characteristics of the interest condition were identified, and the legal texts and rules related to the plea of absence of interest were clarified—namely, that the interest must be legal, personal, and direct. The study also clarified the role of the court and the parties in raising this plea, the legal consequences resulting from it, and the available means of appeal.