التنظيم القانوني لطلبات وقف التنفيذ في فلسطين
Date
2021-05-23
Authors
عبد القادر إبراهيم عبد القادر عيايده
Abedalqader Ibraheem Abedalqader Ayaydeh
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تتمحور هذه الدراسة حول التنظيم القانوني لطلبات وقف التنفيذ في ضوء قانون التنفيذ الفلسطيني رقم (23) لسنة 2005م، وقانون أصول المحاكمات المدنية والتجارية رقم (2) لسنة 2001م، ذلك لما تنطوي عليه طلبات وقف التنفيذ من أهمية بالغة في حماية المدين المنفذ ضده من أضرار هذا التنفيذ، فالمشرع حرص على التعجيل بإعطاء الدائن حقه ضمن قواعد معينة للتنفيذ تضمن للدائن الحصول على حقه جبرا عن المدين وبسرعة، وانطلاقا من هذه القواعد فقد سمح المشرع بإجراء التنفيذ الجبري بمقتضى سندات هي ليست بالضرورة محصنة ضد كل إلغاء، فالقاعد العامة تقضي بأنه على المختصين في دائرة التنفيذ المبادرة إلى التنفيذ فور تقديم الطلب وتسليم السند التنفيذي واستيفاء شروط التنفيذ، فقاضي التنفيذ عليه ألا يلتفت إلى الاعتراضات التي يتقدم بها المدين من حيث المنازعة بوجود الحق في التنفيذ أو في إجراءاته إلا بعد أن يثبت المدين ما يدعيه أمام المحكمة المختصة ويحصل على حكم قضائي نافذ بذلك، بالإضافة إلى المنازعات التنفيذية التي نصت عليها المادة(58) من قانون التنفيذ الفلسطيني رقم (23) لسنة 2005 والحالة التي يكون فيها الدين محل الاعتراض ثابت بدين عرفي.
لذلك جاءت هذه الدراسة للموازنة بين مصلحتين متعارضتين: مصلحة الدائن في التنفيذ الجبري اقتضاء لحقه جبرا من المدين، ومصلحة المدين في ألا يلحقه ضرر من جراء تنفيذ يسير على أساس أو في طريق خاطئ، بحيث يسعى الباحث إلى بيان مدى الحاجة إلى نظام وقف التنفيذ من أجل تحقيق نوعا من التوازن بين مصلحة الدائن المنفذ ومصلحة المدين المنفذ ضده، مما دفع الباحث إلى إثارة التساؤل حول حتمية قابلية التنفيذ للإلغاء، وتم التوصل إلى قابلية التنفيذ للإلغاء إما بإلغاء السند التنفيذي أو بإلغاء قوته التنفيذية، أو بسبب بطلان إجراءات التنفيذ كأن يتم الحجز على مال لا يجوز الحجز عليه بحكم القانون، مما يترتب على ذلك عدة مخاطر كنتيجة لقابلية التنفيذ للإلغاء والتي من أهمها استحالة إعادة الحال إلى ما كانت عليه قبل التنفيذ الملغى.
وعد صلاحية حكم إلغاء التنفيذ للتنفيذ العكسي، ولما كان الأمر كذلك توجه الباحث لبيان الحلول المتصورة لقابلية التنفيذ للإلغاء، وتم التوصل إلى أن هذه الحلول ليست كفيلة بإعادة الحال إلى ما كانت عليه، فالكفالة هي سلطة تقديرية للمحكمة التي قد تأمر بها وقد لا تأمر بها، وهي لا تكون إلا في حالة كان الحكم مشمولا بالنفاذ المعجل، ونظام الإيداع مع التخصيص لا يجد فاعليته إلا إذا كان التنفيذ يتم بطريق الحجز، مما يقودنا إلى التوصل إلى حتمية نظام وقف التنفيذ كنتيجة حتمية لقابلية التنفيذ للإلغاء.
وبعد أن تم التوصل إلى حتمية نظام وقف التنفيذ تناول الباحث طلبات وقف التنفيذ من خلال منازعات التنفيذ الوقتية والموضوعية، ومن خلال محاكم الطعن، وتم التوصل إلى أن المشرع الفلسطيني لم ينظم منازعات التنفيذ بشكل متسلسل يسهل معه معرفة أثر هذه المنازعات على وقف التنفيذ، فالمنازعات الموضوعية تطرق لها المشرع الفلسطيني في نصوص مواد متفرقة من قانون التنفيذ الفلسطيني، لذلك كان لا بد من دراسة منازعات التنفيذ الموضوعية التي لها أثر على وقف التنفيذ من خلال تناول دعوى رفع الحجز ودعوى استرداد المنقولات ودعوى الاستحقاق الفرعية، من ثم تم التطرق لطلبات وقف التنفيذ أمام محاكم الطعن، وتم التوصل إلى أن المشرع الفلسطيني قد منح محكمة الطعن استثناء على القاعدة العامة سلطة نظر بعض طلبات وقف التنفيذ بالرغم من أن قاضي التنفيذ هو صاحب الولاية العامة في نظرها.
كما تم التوصل من خلال هذه الدراسة إلا أن الحكم الصادر في طلب وقف التنفيذ سواء كان صادرًا عن قاضي التنفيذ أو عن محكمة الطعن هو حكم وقتي مستعجل وحكما قطعيا بذات الوقت، ويكون قابلا للتنفيذ في حالة صدور الحكم بوقف التنفيذ وإعادة الحال إلا ما كانت عليه، والحكم الصادر بالوقف إذا كان صادرا من قاضي التنفيذ فهو يكون قابلا للطعن بالاستئناف، أما إذا كان صادرا عن محكمة الطعن، فقد لا يقبل الطعن بأي طريق، كما لو كان صادرا عن محكمة النقض، أو أنه يقبل الطعن بالنقض أو غيره، وذلك إذا كان صادرا من محكمة الاستئناف أو المحكمة المطعون أمامها بطريق إعادة المحاكمة.
This study revolves around the legal system for requests for stay of execution in light of the Palestinian Execution Law No 23 of 2005 AD, and the Code of Civil and Commercial Procedures No 2 of 2001 AD. This is due to the great importance of the stay of execution requests in protecting the debtor who is executed against him from damages. This implementation, the legislator was keen to expedite the granting of the creditor his right within certain rules for implementation that guarantee the creditor obtaining his right compulsorily from the debtor and quickly, and based on these rules, the legislator allowed for compulsory execution to be carried out under bonds that are not necessarily immune to any cancellation. In the execution department, initiate execution immediately upon submitting the request, handing over the executive document and fulfilling the conditions of execution. The employee charged with execution must not pay attention to the objections made by the debtor in terms of a dispute regarding the existence of the right to execute or in its procedures except after the debtor proves what he claims before the competent court and obtains And enforceable court ruling on this. Therefore, this study came to balance between two conflicting interests: the creditor’s interest in compulsory execution requiring his right to be compulsorily from the debtor, and the debtor’s interest in not inflicting harm as a result of an execution proceeding on a wrong basis or in a wrong way, so that the researcher seeks to demonstrate the extent of the need for a stay of execution system for the sake of Achieving some kind of balance between the interest of the executing creditor and the interest of the debtor executed against him, which prompted the researcher to raise the question about the inevitability of enforceability for cancellation, and the enforceability of the cancellation was reached either by canceling the executive document or by canceling his executive power, or because of the invalidity of execution procedures, such as seizure of money It is not permissible to seize it by virtue of the law, which entails several risks as a result of the feasibility of cancellation, the most important of which is the impossibility of returning the situation to what it was before the canceled implementation. To cancel, and it has been concluded that these solutions are not sufficient to restore the situation to what it was, because the guarantee is the discretionary authority of the court that may or may not order it, and it is only in the case of the ruling covered With expedited enforcement, the filing system with assignment does not find its effectiveness unless the implementation is by way of seizure, which leads us to reach the inevitability of the system of suspension of execution as an inevitable result of the possibility of implementation for cancellation. And after the inevitability of the implementation suspension system was reached, the researcher addressed requests for a stay of execution through temporary and substantive execution disputes, and through the courts of appeal, and it was concluded that the Palestinian legislator did not organize implementation disputes in a sequential manner that facilitates knowing the impact of these disputes on the suspension of execution, so substantive disputes The Palestinian legislator touched on it in the texts of various articles of the Palestinian Execution Law, so it was necessary to study substantive execution disputes that have an impact on the suspension of execution by dealing with the seizure lawsuit, the movable retrieval lawsuit and the subsidiary claim of entitlement, and then the requests for a stay of execution were addressed before the courts. The appeal, and it was concluded that the Palestinian legislator has granted the appeals court an exception to the general rule with the authority to hear some requests for a stay of execution despite the fact that the execution judge is the one with the general jurisdiction in its consideration. It was also reached through this study, except that the ruling issued in the request for a stay of execution, whether it was issued by the execution judge or by the Court of Appeal, is an urgent temporary ruling and a final ruling at the same time, and it is enforceable in the event of a ruling to suspend the execution and restore the case except as it was, If it was issued by the execution judge, it is subject to appeal by appeal, but if it was issued by the Court of Appeal, the appeal may not be accepted in any way, as if it was issued by the Court of Cassation, or it accepts the appeal by cassation or something else, if it was issued From the appeals court or the appealed court by way of a retrial
This study revolves around the legal system for requests for stay of execution in light of the Palestinian Execution Law No 23 of 2005 AD, and the Code of Civil and Commercial Procedures No 2 of 2001 AD. This is due to the great importance of the stay of execution requests in protecting the debtor who is executed against him from damages. This implementation, the legislator was keen to expedite the granting of the creditor his right within certain rules for implementation that guarantee the creditor obtaining his right compulsorily from the debtor and quickly, and based on these rules, the legislator allowed for compulsory execution to be carried out under bonds that are not necessarily immune to any cancellation. In the execution department, initiate execution immediately upon submitting the request, handing over the executive document and fulfilling the conditions of execution. The employee charged with execution must not pay attention to the objections made by the debtor in terms of a dispute regarding the existence of the right to execute or in its procedures except after the debtor proves what he claims before the competent court and obtains And enforceable court ruling on this. Therefore, this study came to balance between two conflicting interests: the creditor’s interest in compulsory execution requiring his right to be compulsorily from the debtor, and the debtor’s interest in not inflicting harm as a result of an execution proceeding on a wrong basis or in a wrong way, so that the researcher seeks to demonstrate the extent of the need for a stay of execution system for the sake of Achieving some kind of balance between the interest of the executing creditor and the interest of the debtor executed against him, which prompted the researcher to raise the question about the inevitability of enforceability for cancellation, and the enforceability of the cancellation was reached either by canceling the executive document or by canceling his executive power, or because of the invalidity of execution procedures, such as seizure of money It is not permissible to seize it by virtue of the law, which entails several risks as a result of the feasibility of cancellation, the most important of which is the impossibility of returning the situation to what it was before the canceled implementation. To cancel, and it has been concluded that these solutions are not sufficient to restore the situation to what it was, because the guarantee is the discretionary authority of the court that may or may not order it, and it is only in the case of the ruling covered With expedited enforcement, the filing system with assignment does not find its effectiveness unless the implementation is by way of seizure, which leads us to reach the inevitability of the system of suspension of execution as an inevitable result of the possibility of implementation for cancellation. And after the inevitability of the implementation suspension system was reached, the researcher addressed requests for a stay of execution through temporary and substantive execution disputes, and through the courts of appeal, and it was concluded that the Palestinian legislator did not organize implementation disputes in a sequential manner that facilitates knowing the impact of these disputes on the suspension of execution, so substantive disputes The Palestinian legislator touched on it in the texts of various articles of the Palestinian Execution Law, so it was necessary to study substantive execution disputes that have an impact on the suspension of execution by dealing with the seizure lawsuit, the movable retrieval lawsuit and the subsidiary claim of entitlement, and then the requests for a stay of execution were addressed before the courts. The appeal, and it was concluded that the Palestinian legislator has granted the appeals court an exception to the general rule with the authority to hear some requests for a stay of execution despite the fact that the execution judge is the one with the general jurisdiction in its consideration. It was also reached through this study, except that the ruling issued in the request for a stay of execution, whether it was issued by the execution judge or by the Court of Appeal, is an urgent temporary ruling and a final ruling at the same time, and it is enforceable in the event of a ruling to suspend the execution and restore the case except as it was, If it was issued by the execution judge, it is subject to appeal by appeal, but if it was issued by the Court of Appeal, the appeal may not be accepted in any way, as if it was issued by the Court of Cassation, or it accepts the appeal by cassation or something else, if it was issued From the appeals court or the appealed court by way of a retrial
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Citation
عيايده، عبد القادر إبراهيم. (2021). التنظيم القانوني لطلبات وقف التنفيذ في فلسطين [رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة]. جامعة القدس.