Vol 2 No.1

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Management of Burns in Gaza-Strip A Multi-center Clinical Audit
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Aldaya, Haneen Younis; Abu Jamie, Najlaa; Abu Shammala, Haneen; AL-Bashiti, Suzan; shaheen, Hala; Alazar, Ameera; Hammad, Motaz; Ghunim, Mohammed; Al Moghrabi, Ahmed; Bottcher, Bettina
A combined prospective and retrospective study was conducted in the ERs of Al-Shifa, Nasser Medical Complex and European Gaza hospitals. Two structured questionnaires were used to collect the management of burn according to the Palestinian management protocol. This study found that from the 147 cases that came to the ER, 37.6% underwent ABCDE approach and 87.8% (n=129/147) received sterile dressings. Background: Burns is a global public health problem and appropriate intervention will decrease morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the management of burns in the emergency room (ER), burns units and intensive care units (ICU) of the Gaza-Strip. Objectives: To evaluate the management of burns in the ER, burns unit and ICU in terms of following ABCDE approach, using sterile dressings, giving ﬂuid resuscitation, antibiotics, ranitidine and undergoing physiotherapy. Methods: A prospective study evaluated the management of patients presenting with burns injuries to the ER between the period 22nd July to 20 August 2018, and retrospectively, management of patients was evaluated, who were admitted to the burns units and to ICU between 1st January 2017 and 30th July 2018 at Al-Shifa Hospital and Nasser Medical Complex. The Palestinian management protocol was used for evaluation. A total of 428 patients were identified to have burns injuries during the study period. Of these, 142 were excluded, 108 due to missing files and 34 files had poor documentation (no documentation of medication or assessments). Included were 147 patients admitted to ER, 122 on the burns unit and 17 on the ICU. Results: In the ER, 57.1% (n=84/147) of patients were male, with a mean age of 15.4±14.1. Of the 147 cases, 17.7% (n=26/147) were major burns, which included more than 10% total body surface area burned (TBSA). Of these, 37.6% underwent ABCDE approach and 87.8% (n=129/147) received sterile dressings. From the 122 patients admitted to the burns unit, 59.8% (n=73) were male with a mean age of 11.4±14.6 years. From these, 47.5% (n=58/122) underwent ﬂuid resuscitation, 97.5% (n=119/122) received antibiotics, 17.2% (n=21/122) received ranitidine and 56.6% (n=69/122) underwent physiotherapy. Out of the 17 patients admitted to ICU, 76.5% (n=13/17) were male, with a mean age of 19.2±12.8 years. All of these patients received prophylactic antibiotics, 58.8% (n=10/17) had endotracheal intubation, 5.9% (n=1/17) underwent central venous pressure measurement (CVP), 23.5% (n=4/17) had ABG tested and 88.2% (n=15/17) kidney function tests (KFT), and 64.7% (n=11/17) received ranitidine. No patient had a chest X-Ray (CXR) or carbon monoxide (CO) level done. From the ICU patients, 17.6% (n=3/17) benefitted from physiotherapy, and 35.3% (n=6/17) Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate poor adherence to guidelines in some points, such as patients presenting with major burns, who should all benefit from the ABCDE approach, but less than 40% of patients actually did and antibiotics, which should only be prescribed when indicated, were given to nearly all patients admitted to the burns unit or ICU. Efforts are required to improve staff practices with burn injuries.
Emotional Intelligence Among Medical Students in Palestine A Cross-Sectional Study
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Ewaiwi, Bashair Imad; Hijazi, Bassel Yaser; Attiyeh, Rania Khaleel; Niroukh, Effat Ayman; Adawi, Samer Osama; Al-Qaissi, Heba Saleem; Faris, Khaled Jamal; Darras, Osama Majed; Zuhour, Afnan Ibraheem; Khalil, Nabil Carlo Nabil; Hammad, Shorouq Yosef; Al-Masri, Tabark Abd Al-Raheem; Hallak, Hussien
Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) is defined as a pro-social behavior that deals with recognizing, understanding, influencing and managing our own and other’s emotions. In medical education and clinical practice, EI has been related to improves the doctor-patient relationship. Objectives: Measure EI among Palestinian medical students in two stages of their studies, clinical and basic sciences, and assessing the factors that may affect it. Moreover, compare medical students of Al-Quds and Al-Najah Universities regarding EI score and detect possible differences. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey was conducted among 692 medical students in Al-Quds and Al-Najah universities in Palestine. Emotional intelligence was evaluated using a 33-item scale as an index introduced by Schutte et al. (1998). Data was analyzed in a quantitative manner using SPSS (VER.20). Results: 745 students filled the questionnaire with a response rate of 92.88%. A total of 692 were sampled which were representative of the student population. The mean score of EI is 3.83 PalStudent Journal Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed tothe mentioned authors at the mentioned institutes. Copyright © 2020 Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research. All rights reserved. E-mail: research@admin.alquds.edu Palestine, Abu Dis, Al-Quds University (SD=0.41) out of a maximum possible score of 5 with 69.1% of the sample having high EI. Statistics showed that EI decreased significantly at α≤0.05 among basic and clinical stages of study with a negative correlation between EI and academic year (PCC= -0.086). This indicates that as the academic year increases, EI decreases (p=0.023). Moreover, EI is affected significantly at α≤0.05 in a positive manner by having a hobby or doing extracurricular activities. In addition, students who indicate they always regret studying medicine tend to relate to lower EI, this may reflect the lack of interest to study this field. Conclusion: Medical students, both male and female, have a relatively high level of emotional intelligence in the universities that were studied. Students in the clinical stage have lower EI than basic sciences medical students, which indicates that students have a conflict between objectivity and humanity while training clinically. Therefore, emotional support during clinical years would serve in improving EI. Moreover, EI is affected by having a hobby or extracurricular activities, indicating that EI can be modulated through the encouragement of such activities.
Quality of Pain Relief Provided in the Emergency Room (ER) for Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain A Prospective Clinical Audit
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Abu Shammala, Haneen; El-Bari, Duha Abed; Abu Nasser, Eman; Othman, Huda; Abo Alkomboz, Tasneem; Kawrea, Rola; Ishtiawi, Nada; Al Naqeeb, Esraa; Jamie, Najlaa; Bottcher, Bettina
A prospective study was conducted in the ERs of Al-Shifa, Indonesian and European Gaza hospitals, a structured questionnaire was used to collect characteristics of pain and its management. Pain intensity was recorded at different intervals using a 10-point numerical rating scale. This study found that patients attended to ER with a mean pain score of 8.3±1.4 and they left with a mean pain score of 4.6±3.5. burns. Background: Acute abdominal pain is the most common cause of surgical consultations in the ER and the most common cause of non-trauma related admissions. Little is known about pain management in Gaza Strip hospitals. Therefore, this study assesses whether patients presenting with acute abdominal pain received adequate analgesia, compared to the Royal College of Emergency Medicine Guidelines. Objectives: To assess pain management in the ER in terms of the prescription practice of pain-relieving medications, pain progression from arrival till disposition and adequacy of analgesics provided. Methodology: A prospective-observational study was conducted in the ERs of three Gaza Strip hospitals, representing three distinct geographical areas, from 30th July till 30th August. All Patients above 18 years old, presented to the ER with acute abdominal pain, with no history of analgesia intake before their hospital visit were included. Data was collected by nine trained interviewers through a structured questionnaire. Pain was quantified by the patients by a 10-point numerical rating scale. This was done on arrival as well as at 30 and 60 minutes after receipt of analgesia and at discharge. Verbal consent was obtained from the patients. Approval had been obtained from the Directorate General of Human Resources Development before data collection. Data were analyzed via SPSS and are presented as mean scores ± standard deviations as well as in total numbers and percentages. Results: A total of 157 patients were included, 77 (49%) were males and the mean age was 39.8+15.4 years. Furthermore, 78 (49.7%) were from Hospital A, 52 (33.1%) from Hospital B and 27 (17.2%) from Hospital C. The sample included 100 (63.7%) patients with a provisional diagnosis of renal colic, 17 (10.8%) with biliary colic, 13 (8.3%) with appendicitis, 9 (5.7%) with intestinal obstruction and 18 (11.4%) other diagnoses. A total of 29 patients (18.5%) did not receive any analgesia in the ER. Of the 128 patients (81.5%), who received analgesics, 115 (89.8%) had non-steroidals while 13 (10.1%) received opioids. Opioids were adequately titrated in all patients and no circulatory instability occurred. The mean pain score on arrival was 8.3±1.4, while it was 7.1±3.6 30 minutes later, 6.6±4.2 after 60 minutes and 4.6±3.5 on discharge. Conclusion: Although pain relief was given and experienced pain decreased for most patients, but only seven patients (4.4%) were completely pain-free on discharge. Generally, patients with intense pain were quickly given analgesics. Hence, efforts should be focused on patients suffering moderate or mild pain to also receive adequate pain relief in the ER. Agreed local guidelines and training of staff could also facilitate this process.
Protect Your Children from Using Smartphones
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Mohammad, Hiba Issa; Ibrahim, Najwan Taha
Abstract: The aim of this study is to shed light on the phenomenon of children under the age of five using smartphones in the area of Bethlehem, and to study its negative impacts on them from the perspective of parents. A programmed application has also been downloaded on parents’ phones to help them solve this problem. The study population consists of 94 individuals who filled questionnaires and 30% of them downloaded the researcher application and filled an evaluation form. The results indicated that this phenomenon is very prevalent in the region and most children spend more than two hours on the phone daily. Besides, most of the parents are worried and not satisfied with their children’s behavior and agreed that this phenomenon has negative effects on the physical, social and mental aspects of the children and that many of their children have reached the point of addiction. The application prepared faced a noticeable acceptance from the parents. This study recommends that parents need to limit children’s extensive use of mobiles and should be more assertive in this matter. Background: Several studies have tried to reveal the extent of this phenomenon and its negative effects on children. Some studies have found that many children spend long hours on smartphones and tablets to the point of reaching addiction, so it becomes difficult to keep them away from phones. Objectives: The aim of this study is to shed light on the phenomenon of children using smart phones in Bethlehem, and to study the extent of its negative impacts on them. Methods: The descriptive analytical method was followed; 94 questionnaires were filled by the parents to study the extent of this phenomenon in and its effects.A programmed application was downloaded on 30 devices of the participants and has been tried for about two weeks. Another questionnaire was filled to evaluate application success in solving the problem, the two forms were analyzed using the SPSS . Results: 1-The studied phenomenon is very prevalent, and most children spend more than two hours on devices. Most of the parents are not satisfied with this and they wish but unable to solve it. 2- the parents agreed that this phenomenon has physical effects on the child, including sight problems, lethargy, laziness, insufficient sleep, etc. also it has social, psychological and moral problems such as isolation, lack of play with children, as it can teach the child violence, bullying, aggression, earning him nervousness, and selfishness. 3 - The prepared application has succeeded Conclusions: The studied phenomenon is very prevalent in the region, and many children have reached the point of addiction. This phenomenon has negative effects on the physical, social and mental aspects of the child. The prepared application has succeeded in solving this problem relatively, but it needs more future improvements.
A Comparative Study of Antipsychotic Drugs Use Among Psychiatric Patients in Palestine Quality of Life (QOL) and Long-acting Injectable (LAI) Assessment
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Sughaiar, Sarah; Alkurde, Basema; Zaro, Ibrahim; Ebido, Hamzeh; Shaheen, Muamar
past decade and were used mainly for long-term treatment of schizophrenia. However, their role in short term intermittent use and for other psychiatric conditions were not elucidated clearly. Objectives: To compare the quality-of-life improvement for patients on LAIs comparing to conventional treatment and whether the improvement was clinical or psychosocial in nature. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was run on psychiatric patients who are taking LAIs and/or conventional treatment at Mohammad Said Kamal hospital for mental illness in Bethlehem and Mental Health Clinic of The Ministry of Health in Hebron city from September 2019 to March 2020. GAF score was calculated for each patient among other mental scale scores such as CGI-S and DIEPSS to determine the quality of life and other aspects of improvement. Patients were categorized into LAIs-taking only or LAIs and conventional treatment groups. A previously used and standardized questionnaire with some modifications was used to collect information about relapse and enhancement of their status. Results: Fifty-one patients were included in this study, 74 % were males, age 30-89 years old (42% were 50-59 years old). Ten percent of patients only were on LAIs alone and the rest were taking a combination of both LAIs and conventional treatment. Patients' GAF scores ranged from 11-20 to 91-100 with a spectrum of patients on all GAF score scale range. Thirty-seven percent of patients fell in the GAF score 51-60; Moderate symptoms (flat affect and circumlocutory speech, occasional panic attacks) or moderate difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning. Patients were taking one to six drugs at a time. There was a negative relationship between taking many drugs along with LAIs and scoring badly on GAF scale. One patient was on Haloperidol IM depot injection scored 91-100 on GAF and was stable and improving. The main reasons for substitution to LAIs from highest to lowest, were as follows; adherence (24 patients), no reason at all (14), patient dissatisfaction (7), adherence and patient dissatisfaction (3), then side effects, convenience (ease of use), and availability of the drug at the same level (1 patient each). Conclusions: Erratic drug supply especially during crises times (COVID-19) for crucial drugs such as LAIs plays a major role in adherence and prognosis of psychiatric conditions. Dealing with LAIs as emergency use only in some practices was the main reason for relapse and instability in psychiatric conditions and will affect social improvement.
تأثير القلق من امتحان الرياضيات على التحصيل الأكاديمي لدى طالبات مدرسة بنات حارس الثانوية
(جامعة القدس، عمادة البحث العلمي, 2020-12-22) قاسم, دانا; شملاوي, هديل; موقدي, كوكب
هدف البحث إلى تقليل قلق الامتحان في مادة الرياضيات لدى طالبات مدرسة بنات حارس الثانوية وتحسين مستوى تحصيل الطالبات. ولتحقيق أهداف البحث طورت الباحثتان استبانة مكونة من 32 فقرة تعبر عن مشاعر الطالبة واتجاهاتها قبل وأثناء اختبار الرياضيات لتقيس قلق الاختبار، وامتحان قبلي وبعدي، وملاحظة أداء طالبات العينة خلال الحصص. تم اختيار عينة من مدرسة بنات حارس الثانوية بطريقة العينة العشوائية الطبقية حيث تكونت عينة البحث من 74 طالبة من طالبات الصف الخامس إلى الصف الحادي عشر العلمي والأدبي، وتم استخدام المنهج الإجرائي في هذا البحث. أما واستخدام برنامج الرزم الاحصائي SPSS تحليل الاستبانة، فقد خضعت العينة إلى برنامج إرشادي بالتعاون مع المرشدة، بالإضافة إلى استراتيجيات تدريس تم تحديدها في البحث بالتعاون مع معلمات الرياضيات، كما أن طالبات الصف الحادي عشر علمي قاموا بتدريس طالبات العينة باستخدام تعليم الأقران. أظهرت نتائج البحث أن تنويع استراتيجيات التدريس يؤثر على تحصيل الطالبات في المدرسة بشكل إيجابي، وأن هناك علاقة إحصائية عكسية بين التحصيل والقلق، وأن العلاقة غير دالة إحصائيًا بين قلق الاختبار والبرنامج الإرشادي المتبع في البحث إلا أن هذا البرنامج الارشادي كان له أثر ملحوظ في تصرف الطالبات قبل وأثناء الاختبار حيث لوحظ أن طالبات العينة تأثرت من خلال أداء تمارين الاسترخاء والحديث بإيجابية عن الاختبار، وبناء على نتائج البحث تم تقديم توصيات خاصة لتقليل قلق اختبار الرياضيات ورفع التحصيل الأكاديمي لطالبات مدرسة بنات حارس الثانوية.
Palestinian Prisoners and the Right to Health the Israeli Systematic Violations Against the Right to Health
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Mizher, Yazan; Terris, Daniel
The idea of this research came as a result of the increasing number of health problems among the Palestinian prisoners, and as a result of the Israeli attempts in legitimizing the grave violations against Palestinian prisoners, since the Israeli government passed and ratified many laws that directly violate Palestinian prisoners' rights, and especially the right to health. This research aims to show the responsibility of Israel under international law, and how it tries to remove the legal status of the Palestinian prisoners. This project adopted both quantitative and qualitative methods to conduct the research since they complement each other for the various aspects of this research. In the qualitative approach, reports and international treaties will be used. As for quantitative, statistics and surveys from Addameer will be used. These surveys are filled by prisoners during the lawyers’ first visits, and they include direct specific questions about the ill-treatment, and torture that they might have/ might have not experienced. The methodological approach of this project includes: - 1) Analysis of the primary documents. 2) Primary source: Such as reports published by organizations and institutions. The reports would act as a database for the research, for they include statistics, laws, procedures, etc. 3) Analysis of the secondary sources: The secondary sources used in this research are books, journals, reports, and articles. 4) Interviews: The interviews will be held with former prisoners who have been detained in Israeli prisons, and with people who have experience with the mechanisms that Israel uses in the lawmaking process. This research is expected to conclude that Palestinian prisoners' right to health is deliberately violated by the prison administration and the Israeli judicial system. Also, it's expected that this research will explore how the judicial system in Israel deals with the grave violations of prisoners' right to health. The hypothesis of this research is trying to prove how the Israeli military and judicial system are biased and do not comply with the international treaties and agreements that Israel has signed and ratified. The significance of this research is to show how Palestinian prisoners' right to health is systematically violated, and what are the methods that Israel uses in its violation. The most challenging part of this research is to prove that Israeli violations are systematic.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis for LanduseLandcover in Bethlehem District Using Remote Sensing and GIS
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Hrenat, Hala; ِAbuseba’a, Shurooq; Abu Rajab, Nidal
The aim of this project is to make a comprehensive study to find solutions for spatial issues in Bethlehem, such as the situation of natural reserves, the situation of roads, the spatial analysis for schools and facilities locations, the expansion of urban areas. The data was collected from satellite imagery (Landsat from USGS Earth Explorer, Sentinel from ESA Open Access Hup, and municipalities), facilities locations (schools, dumping sites, and hospitals), as well as Aerial photos. The data of satellite imagery were classified according to Corrine classifications, and then analyzed the current facilities of Bethlehem District. Spatial analysis was conducted to suggest new facility locations, and centerlines of roads were digitized from aerial photos and were analyzed to suggest new roads location. In the end, the results showed that there was a big growth of urban areas, shrinkage of the natural reserves areas, and an expansion of the Israeli settlements during the years (1987, 2002, 2013, 2015, 2018). The researchers suggest new places for roads and facilities (such as schools, and dumping sites).
The Educational, Emotional and Physical Effects of Lock-Down Due to COVID-19 on Palestinian Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Amer, Saif; Hamad, Khalil; Idrees, Fatima; Almasri, Kamal; Kateeb, Elham
Background: Corona-virus pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. On March 5th, 2020, the first cases were identified in Palestine, and a partial lockdown including schools was imposed and then being followed by a total lockdown from March 22nd until May 26th. Students stayed home and switched to online learning, for almost two months with restrictions on many aspects of their lives. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how the lockdown related to the current pandemic impacted the lives of a convenient sample of Palestinian students. Methods: An online survey using google forms were sent out to a convenient sample of students participating in extracurricular programs offered by Al Nayzak Palestine, and Code Palestine. Fifteen questions asked about the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown imposed in the period between March 5th and May 26th on students’ physical activity, emotions, social relationships and education. Gender and grade level data were also collected. Parental consent was obtained for all participants. Results: One-hundred and four students completed the survey in September 2020. 39% were boys and 40% were in 11th grade, 30% in 9th grade and 24% were in 10th grade. Sixty-four percent did a little or no form of physical activity during this period and 61% increased their screen time due to gaming and online learning. Forty-two percent did not care about the Corina virus and 35% were worried, mainly because of the fear that their family may get infected. 30% reported that they had less contact with family and friends and 49% missed them very much during the lockdown. 30% percent thought that the current pandemic affected their learning a lot and 21% thought they should not go back to schools in person until the pandemic has completely gone away. Conclusion: Data from this survey suggests that there is a significant physical, emotional and educational impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students. Parents and teachers should be encouraged to discuss these major issues with students to address their challenges. Students’ opinions and feelings need to be addressed in any future plan of changing the learning format in response to the current pandemic worries.
Assessing Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices and their Association with Body Mass Index Among a Group of Students at Al-Quds University
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Mansour, Iman; Njoom, Njood; Ghrayeb, Afnan; Agha, Hazem
Background: Good nutrition is essential for the growth, development and maintenance of health throughout life. Beyond the negative impact, malnutrition has on socio-economic development, lack of sufficient foods and quality food undermines the quality of health and the wellness of the population of all ages. Development in nutrition science has continued to show a linkage between health and nutrition since the 20th-century discovery on the consequences of malnutrition. Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices and their association with body mass index among a group of students from Al- Quds University. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through a self-administered questionnaire given to a group of students from Al-Quds University. The questionnaire was designed based on earlier studies to meet the study objectives. The questions were translated into Arabic. The Inclusion criteria in this study included Bachelors's students from different faculties at Al-Quds University. The exclusion criteria included academic staff, pregnant and lactating females, higher studies students and administrative. The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Software (SPSS) version 20 using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results: Four hundred and nighty out of 500 distributed questionnaires were returned successfully. Over half (50.2%) of them were males. 66.3% of the participants had good nutritional knowledge, 61.8% had a positive attitude regarding healthy eating and 31.2% had good practices regarding healthy eating. The demographic character was not a significant predictor of nutritional attitude. However, there was a significant predictor between demographic character and nutritional knowledge and practices. There was a positive relationship at the level of significance p-value 0.005 or less and the alpha sign between attitude and practices, knowledge and attitude. Most of the students (53.35%) exhibited normal weight. Health professions and medical students had good nutritional knowledge compared to education science and business & economics students. Conclusion: The majority of the sample had good nutritional knowledge and practices. However, most of them shown a negative nutritional attitude regarding healthy eating. The university should develop a nutritional course to be taught as a university requirement course.
استخدام استراتيجية المعلم الصغير وملاحظة تأثيرها على تفاعل وتحصيل طلاب الصف التاسع(ب) في مادة العلوم في مدرسة ذكور ديراستيا الثانوية
(جامعة القدس، عمادة البحث العلمي, 2020-12-22) جعفر أبو حجلة, محمد; عايد, سائد; طالب سلمان, مريم
يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة أثر استخدام استراتيجية المعلم الصغير على تفاعل وتحصيل طلاب الصف التاسع (ب) في مدرسة ذكور ديراستيا الثانوية في مادة العلوم. استخدم الباحثان المنهج الاجرائي التطبيقي باعتماد مجموعتين متكافئتين تجريبية وضابطة وعلى وفق هذا التصميم تم اختيار عينة البحث من مجتمع البحث الذي تمثل (مدرسة ذكور ديراستيا الثانوية في محافظة سلفيت)، تم تحديد المادة العلمية الخاصة بمبحث العلوم وهي الوحدة الثالثة من الفصل الأول التي تتحدث عن مصابيح السماء من كتاب الصف التاسع وفيما يتعلق بأداتي البحث: تمثلت إحداهما باختبار تحصيلي في مادة العلوم مكون من خمس فقرات لقياس مدى تحصيل الطلبة، أما الأداة الثانية فتمثلت في الملاحظة الصفية لقياس مدى تفاعل الطلاب نحو مادة العلوم. بعد تطبيق أداتي البحث وتحليل النتائج أظهرت النتائج زيادة تفاعل ومشاركة طلبة الصف التاسع ب ( مجموعة تجريبية) اللذين درسوا وفق استراتيجية المعلم الصغير على الصف التاسع أ ( مجموعة ضابطة)، إضافة إلى تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في الاختبار البعدي على المجموعة الضابطة.
Degree of Awareness of Medical Students in Palestinian Universities of Patients' Rights
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Hammad, Abdelrahman Shareef; Hammad, Shareef Ali
The study aims to measure the degree of awareness of medical students in Palestinian universities of patients' rights according to variables: university, gender and level. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach (questionnaire) in measuring the degree of awareness of medical students in Palestinian universities of patient rights and processing them into quantitative Valuable expressing the degree of knowledge and awareness. Then, a random sample of 132 medical students was chosen from Al-Azhar and Islamic Universities in the Gaza Strip. The results show that the medical student understands the patients' clinical rights with no statistically significant differences between the third and sixth level students in the two universities. As well as there are no statistically significant differences between Males and females. The researcher recommends enriching medical ethics subject with the patients' and doctors' rights and responsibilities. And emphasizing the ethics of the medical profession in colleges before the clinical stage and before graduation. Objectives: Measuring the degree of awareness of medical students in Palestinian universities of patients' rights according to variables: university, gender and level. Methods: Descriptive analytical approach (questionnaire). Results: The results show that the students of the Faculty of Medicine of the third and sixth levels are fully aware of the rights of patients with an estimated average of 2.24 and a standard deviation of 0.317. Moreover, there are no differences between the third level and the sixth level in the degree of awareness of patients' rights where the average of the third level is 4.25 and Standard deviation 0.326 and the 6th level arithmetic average and standard deviation are 4.23 and 0.309 respectively. The difference of universities does not mean a difference in the awareness of medical students of patients' rights, as it appears in the results that state there are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the students of the Faculty of Medicine at al-Azhar and Islamic universities in the degree of their awareness of the rights of patients, where the mathematical average of the sample students of Al-Azhar University 4.18 and standard deviation 4.279 also the mathematical average of the sample of students of Islamic University average 4.279 and standard deviation 0.319. The results show there are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between males and females in awareness of patients' rights, and this emphasizing their sense of belonging to the medical profession and patients, though the researcher attributes this to the Palestinian society and its culture and that the students of the Faculty of Medicine are informed about the rights of patients. Conclusion: Medical student understands the patients' clinical rights with no statistically significant differences between the third and sixth level students in the two universities.
تأثير استخدام مستخلص نبات الميرمية ( Salvia officinalis ) على تثبيط نمو البكتيريا (Escherichia coli )
(جامعة القدس، عمادة البحث العلمي, 2020-12-22) عايد سلامة, سارة; رشدي قنيبي, عبير; سمار, وسام; صغير, صبري
يهدف البحث إلى دراسة تراكيز مختلفة من كل من المستخلص المائي الحار ومستخلص الزيوت الكحولي لنبات الميرمية على تثبيط نمو E.coli تحت الظروف المخبرية. أظهرت النتائج أنه تم تثبيط نمو E. coli عند استخدام المستخلص المائي (النقيع) ، ولا يوجد نمو للبكتيريا في التراكيز 0.1، و0.2 لزيت الميرمية، أما على التركيز العالي 0.3 لزيت الميرمية فقد ظهر نمو للبكتيريا (76 كولوني في الطبق) مقارنة مع الشاهد الملوث وبدون معاملات (127 مستعمرة في الطبق). ويوصي البحث بضرورة إجراء أبحاث أكثر لتحديد أقل تركيز فعال سواء للمستخلص المائي أو الزيت ضد بكتيريا E.coli ، وإجراء دراسات لإطالة فترة حفظ الالبان باستخدام مستخلص الميرمية.
Land Cover Change & Environmental Analysis of Hebron District Using GIS & Remote Sensing
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Dandees, Baraa; Saghir, Rahaf; Aljunidi, Yumna; Aburajab, Nidal
district is selected in this project in order to assess several environmental issues using remote sensing and GIS techniques, Hebron district is the largest governorate in the west bank it contains many religious, historical and archeological sites. The main objective of this project is to create an inclusive study for analyzing land-cover changes, and the environmental effect in Hebron district and certain areas within the district, this study expands from the year 1985 till 2019 using satellites imagery (Land Sat 7 ETM+, Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS, Sentinel). The study includes Land cover mapping, land surface temperature, particulate matter management, and certain indices calculated using Arc GIS and ENVI software to assess the environmental impact on the study area. Data is collected from satellite imagery for the years (1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2019) using Landsat satellite, the evaluation of the Land Surface Temperature (LST), image classification and several indices including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Bare Soil Index (BSI), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), and the particulate matter measurement through models and equations applied in Arc GIS software. Land cover results from 1985 till 2019 show that the built-up area has increased from 54 Km2 to 246 Km2, also the rock area decreased from 134 Km2 to 107 Km2, the area of agricultural land decreased from 79 Km2 to 17 Km2, also the area of barren land decreased from775 Km2 to 671 Km2. Whereas the indices show that Hebron District has a low percentage of vegetation, and a large percentage of bare soil, and high-stress water. Also, there have been a few changes in the land surface temperature spatially and temporally where the maximum temperature was in the year 2000 at 54 ͦ C and the minimum was in 1995 at 16 ͦ C. From an environmental perspective, Hebron is negatively affected by the increase of the built-up area and the decrease in agricultural land and bare land areas, so that it affects air quality, soil quality, plant growth, and flora and fauna diversity.
Israel Methodologies on Palestinian Properties
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Satari, Anaghim Ibrahim Salama; Alkurd, Maher
Palestinians suffer since 75 years from the apartheid system that Israel applies as a method to dominate the land. This study highlights the importance of international law and international humanitarian law in the Palestinian case and analyzes the relation between occupying power and people under occupation. So, Israeli builds methodologically expropriate Palestinian properties in contravention of international law and human rights. Also, its expropriation police are branching for different aspects. The project will begin with colonization methodological on Palestinian properties since the beginning of the Zionist movements and the first conference in 1897. Israeli settlements began to be manifested in a settlement of Bitah Tikfa - The first Israeli settlement built on Palestine - and the point of view of the international law and conventions, such as Huge 1907, Fourth Geneva 1949, Security Council and General Assembly resolutions. In the third part, the project will review how Oslo accords in 1993 and Tramp’s Deal of the century legitimize the right of the expropriation of Palestinian properties by Israel and partition the land between Israel and Palestine. Fourthly: How Israel applies the law of Absentee properties as the right to ownership by applying Ottoman law to serve its interests. Lastly: What is the role of international law in the protection of the right of propriety for refugees and displacement people (in camps and the Diaspora) with reference to the convention on refugee's convention in 1951 and the Fourth Geneva Convention in 1949. The research includes criticism of the extreme and barbaric methodology of domination by using claims based on ancient history, and demonstration to collect documentations and secondary sources of information: websites, books, films, magazines, and articles, the primary sources are interviews with first-generation refugees and political figures and activists, interviews with people who have had their properties expropriated. The research design is a historical review; the methodology is qualitative, which gives a mixed method, this design gives a multi-level of perspectives, interpretations, and practices or examines it in real-life. The method of research is more illustrative, using maps and historical documents, it is necessary to present a political message that the world should understand. On one hand, I will capture what history narrative, and see this methodology from a political perspective without an emotional aspect. On the other hand, build a strong point of the rights of properties and give the reader more approach to think more politically. Also, this research project is useful because people lack knowledge and analysis to have critical points by using laws and evidence; so, the project will provide a wide explanation of colonization methodology. The research project will end with a conclusion and a set of recommendations.
استثمار الأراضي الزراعية البور في حل مشكلة البطالة
(جامعة القدس، عمادة البحث العلمي, 2020-12-22) الجعبري, هند; رشدي قنيبي, عبير
الملخص: يهدف البحث إلى دراسة إمكانية الاستثمار في الأراضي الزراعية البور للحد من مشكلة البطالة التي تهدد المجتمع الفلسطيني من خلال مقابلة أصحاب الخبرة من المزارعين وإعداد استبيان يبين رأي العاطلين عن العمل في الالتحاق في المجال الزراعي لحل مشكلة البطالة من جهة واستثمار الأراضي الزراعية البور من جهة أخرى. أظهرت النتائج أن للبطالة تأثير على الأفراد وزيادة في المشاكل النفسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والهجرة. وأن الممارسات السلبية للإنسان وللاحتلال تعتبر سببا رئيسيًا في تدهور الأراضي الزراعية. كما أشارت إلى أهم الطرق للحد من تدهور الأراضي الزراعية كالحصاد المائي. وتوصي الباحثة بضرورة استغلال الأراضي الزراعية البور في توظيف العاطلين عن العمل لسد الحاجة أو اعتبارها مصدر دخل والذي لربما يساهم في انخفاض نسبة البطالة. مقدمة: نظرا للتراجع الكبير في عمليات اعمار واستصلاح الأراضي الزراعية، وبما أن محور الصراع في فلسطين هو الأرض وما تمثله من حالة تحد وانتماء للإنسان الفلسطيني عبر التاريخ؛ لهذا أصبح لا بد من الاهتمام بالأرض والعودة اليها من جديد. وقد أخذت مظاهر التدهور الزراعي بالتزايد خاصة بعد عام 1967؛ حيث سادت ممارسات الاحتلال الإسرائيلي غير الشرعية على عدة مناطق تمثلت في مصادرة الأراضي وتهجير أصحابها وتحويلها الى معسكرات للجيش ومستوطنات وشق الطرق الالتفافية. كما تعد البطالة من المشاكل التي تؤرق الكثير من الدول، ويختلف حجمها من دولةٍ لأخرى تبعاً للخطط الاقتصادية فيها ومدى توفر فرص العمل، حيث تشير الدراسات إلى وجود الملايين من العاطلين عن العمل في أرجاء الوطن العربي، ولهذه البطالة الكثير من الآثار السلبية على الفرد وعلى المجتمع ككل؛ لأنّها تتفشى غالباً بين الأفراد الذين في سن العمل والقادرين عليه ممّا يجعلهم يوجهون طاقاتهم وقدراتهم إلى مجالاتٍ أخرى غير جيدةٍ، كما أنّها تؤخر عجلة النمو والتطور داخل الدولة، وتؤدي إلى ظهور الكثير من المشاكل الاجتماعية والنفسية. أما فيما يتعلق بالأراضي الزراعية البور فإنها عبارة عن مساحات غير مستغلة ومهملة لا يتم زراعتها من قبل أصحابها بسبب توفر فرص عمل أفضل لهم واعتبارها حرفة قديمة متوارثة من الأجداد فيجب أن يتم إحيائها حتى ولو من قبل أشخاص غيرهم بهدف الاستفادة منها وسد الحاجة وحمايتها من التصحر والجفاف واستغلال الاحتلال الإسرائيلي لها. من الاسباب الرئيسية للبطالة: 1-سوء التخطيط الحكومي: فشل الحكومة في استغلال العاطلين عن العمل الذين يتميزون بالكفاءة العالية المطلوبة وعدم محاولتها لحل هذه المشكلة بطرق أخرى مثل: استغلال الاراضي البور لحل مشكلة البطالة ورفع انتاجية الدولة. 2-غياب الوعي لدى الافراد بأهمية الأرض الزراعية والنتائج المترتبة على اهمالها. 3-المهاجرة من الريف الى المدن واهمال الاراضي الزراعية والانشغال بوظائف أخرى نتيجة التقدم التكنولوجي واعتبارها حرفة قديمة غير مجدية للنفع. 4-الأسباب السياسية المتمثلة في سياسة دولة ما أما فيما يتعلق بفلسطين فالأمر متمثل بإعاقة الاحتلال للتوسع في المهن وانشغال المواطنين بالثورات والحروب كحرب غزة ما يؤدي إلى إهمالهم للأراضي. 5-أسباب اقتصادية: زيادة عدد المواطنين وقلة الوظائف المعروضة والاستقالة من العمل من أجل البحث عن عمل جديد واستبدال الأيدي العاملة بالآلات والوسائل المتقدمة واستقطاب أيدي عاملة من الخارج. وتتطلع الباحثة من خلال هذا البحث الى وضع توصيات البحث بين يدي أصحاب القرار فتزيد من سعي الدولة لإيجاد مشاريع للحد من مشكلة البطالة مثل مشروع المدينة الصناعية الزراعية في أريحا الموظف لعدد كبير من المواطنين وحل مشكلة البطالة حتى ولو بنسبة جزئية. والاستغناء عن الاستعانة بالأيدي العاملة القادمة من الخارج واستبدالهم بعمال محليين. وتوعية السكان من اجل تحديد النسل من أجل حل مشكلة الانفجار السكاني وتقليل التعرض للبطالة. وتخفيض رواتب وأجور بعض الموظفين ذو الرواتب العالية التي لا تناسب جهودهم مما يؤدي الى توفير هذا الجزء من الراتب واستثماره في مجال وقطاع أخر يساعد في الحد من البطالة. أهداف البحث: 1-التعرف على أسباب تدهور الأراضي الزراعية وأثره على سكان المنطقة وأصحابها من الناحية الاقتصادية. 2-تحديد أفضل الطرق التي يمكن استخدامها لمقاومة تدهور الأراضي. 3-احياء الأراضي الزراعية وحمايتها من سياسات الاحتلال. 4-لفتح آفاق بحثية تتعلق بالأراضي الزراعية واستصلاحها للحد من شكله البطالة. أساليب وفرضيات البحث: تم وضع مجموعة من الفرضيات وهي: 1-لو تم استغلال كل أرض زراعية بور في توظيف العاطلين ستنخفض نسبة البطالة، وسيقلل من التصحر، وسيساهم في الحد من التغير المناخي. 2-في حال تم استغلال هذه الاراضي وزراعتها فان هذا يعود بالنفع على الفرد ويجني الارباح للدولة، وسيحمي الاراضي من المصادرة من قبل الاحتلال الاسرائيلي. استخدمت الباحثة الاستبيان والمقابلات للوقوف على أسباب البطالة وتدهور الأراضي الزراعية ودراسة إمكانية استثمار الأراضي البور في حل مشكلة البطالة. ثم قامت بتحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج Excel والخروج بالنتائج والتوصيات. نتائج البحث: لقد أظهرت نتائج تحليل المقابلات أن: • 80% من المشاركين يعتبرون البطالة السبب الرئيس لهجرة الشباب من فلسطين وذلك لوجود فرص عمل ذات أجور مناسبة في الخارج. • 70% يؤكدون أن انتشار الجرائم والعنف والانحلال الأخلاقي مترتب على عدم وجود فرص عمل مناسبة خاصة للشباب. • 92% يعتبرون ان الكثير من المشاكل النفسية كالاكتئاب والانتحار والحرمان بسبب البطالة. • 85% أكدوا أن للعوامل البشرية الأثر الأكبر في تراجع وتدهور الأراضي الزراعية وتحويلها الى أراضي بور. • 65% يعتبرون أن ممارسة أعمال الصيانة، مثل الحراثة وبناء الجدران الإسنادية يساهم في نفاذة التربة. • من أفضل طرق منع تدهور الأراضي الزراعية: استخدام طرق الحصاد المائي، واستخدام المصاطب والأشجار الحرجية. الخاتمة: - هنالك العديد من المساحات الزراعية التي تم تقلصها بسبب سوء استغلالها، كما أن القدرة الإنتاجية لها في تراجع فهنالك الكثير من المحاصيل الزراعية التي تراجعت مساحتها وانتاجيتها مثل العنب والتين. - الممارسات السلبية للإنسان وللاحتلال تعتبر سببا رئيسا في تدهور الأراضي الزراعية. - لو تم استغلال كل ارض زراعية بور في توظيف العاطلين عن العمل لسد الحاجة أو اعتبارها مصدر دخل لربما انخفضت نسبة البطالة.
Knowledge, Attitude and Training Physiotherapist Palliative Care - Gaza Strip
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Alser, Amany M.; Darwish, Ahmed S.; Hussein, Khaled I.; Alabsi, Amani A.; Alastal, Heba M.; Sabbah, Lamees Z.; Sharaf, Fawzy; Naim, Fadel
Background: Palliative care encompasses holistic management of patients and families facing life-threatening and life-limiting conditions. There is currently little known about Gaza strip physiotherapists’ palliative care knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, experience and training needs. Objectives: Palliative care rehabilitation has been positively associated with a high and prolonged level of independent function, which also reduces the burden on care providers(1,2). This study aimed to investigate the existing knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, training and experience of palliative care by physiotherapists working in Gaza strip. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study using a face to face questionnaire included sociodemographic data, physiotherapist’s knowledge, attitude experience and training (modified PTiPC-KABE Scale)(3), the study includes eight major hospitals in the Gaza-Strip. The sample size was 120 participants, 110 were included. SPSS (version 22 for Windows) for descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, Student's t and compare mean -tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The total number of respondents was 110(93.3%); male 45%,and females 55%.Years of experience Palliative care intends to hasten death was significant in (p = 0.017), Palliative care does not enhance quality of life (p = 0.117), I feel a sense of personal failure when a patient dies(p=0.035), Palliative care considers dying as a complicated process (p =0.026), Caring for dying patients is traumatic for me(p = 0.004), The provision of palliative care requires emotional detachment(p = 0.009), The physical environment of my workplace is ideal for providing palliative care and rehabilitation(p = 0.026), I am often exposed to death in my workplace(p = 0.034), Conclusions: Many of Gaza's physiotherapists perform in palliative care despite inadequate training and limited knowledge in this area. Further learning and training opportunities for graduates and postgraduate students are required for physiotherapists in palliative care.
Searching for potential novel Orf virus epitopes using reverse vaccinology
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) AL-Shareef, Aseel; Al-Natsheh, Raghad; Abu Omar, Zainab; Abu Ghazaleh, Robin
Orf virus is a zoonotic virus that mainly affects sheep and goats and causes skin lesions, which reduce the feeding process among their lambs and kids. An Orf virus vaccine is available, however, the immunity it induces doesn’t last for more than one year, making the reinfection of the virus very common. This research aims to find epitopes that could be a good target for a long-term protein-based vaccine. Using reverse vaccinology, all proteins of the three Orf virus strains (ORFV-SA00, ORFV-NZ2 & ORFV-SY17) were studied by searching for proteins that could have good subcellular localization, antigenicity, as well as being conserved among the three genomes. After selecting proteins with these properties, linear B-cell and T-cell epitopes were detected. The last step was to test the stability of these chosen epitopes by searching for potential proteasomal cleavage sites. This final step in the bioinformatics discovery pipeline left a single stable epitope candidate (DRRPCGVQD). This protein (epitope) is recommended to be tested experimentally to ensure its effectiveness as a vaccine target protein.
Microbiological Quality of Fermented Homemade Green Olive
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Ayyad, Jamila Ismail; Khalid, Mahmoud
Background: Table olive is one of the most popular fermented vegetables in the Mediterranean Basin and has great importance as a food source. Traditionally, table olive fermentation proceeds spontaneously by soaking olives in a brine solution containing water and certain concentrations of table salt (NaCl). In fact, some bacterial types can grow and multiply in salty environments and high acidity conditions of fermented olives, which can be pathogenic and can increase the risk of food poisoning. Objective: This study was done to investigate the microbial quality of fermented homemade green olives at three different salt concentrations. Methods: Fresh green olives were processed using the traditional method, they were directly soaked in brine solutions with three different concentrations 5%, 10%, and 15% of NaCl and the fermentation process took place spontaneously. The microbial analysis was done on the olive pulp and the brine solution using the traditional producer. Results: Lactic acid bacteria were the predominant bacterial type, the growth of lactic acid bacteria was observed in almost all samples. Fermented olives with lower concentrations of NaCl yielded higher bacterial counts. However, the bacterial counts did not show significant differences between the three levels of salt concentration with increasing the fermentation time. Total viable counts of bacteria had an average of 4.2 log CFU/mL. Conclusion: The harsh environmental conditions of fermented olive are not suitable for the existence of pathogenic microorganisms, resulting in a safe product with good quality. The predominant bacterial types present in fermented table olives were mainly lactic acid bacteria, and the presence of pathogenic bacteria was only detected at the beginning of the fermentation process with low salt concentrations.
Holistic Assessment of Community Palliative Care Needs Among Palestinian Cancer Patients
(Al-Quds University, Deanship of Scientific Research, 2020-12-22) Groof, Majeda; Joulani, Bayan; Abu Hamad, Bassam; Jebrini, Nidal; Abu Fardi, Sali; Abu Hbees, Aseel; Abu Issa, Huda; Kharroubi, Akram; Rimawi, Atef; Al-Sharabati, Wasim; Aljafari, Tamer; Abu Seir, Rania
Background: Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life of terminally ill patients and their families. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the level of community palliative care among terminally ill Palestinian cancer patients and the needs of their families in the West-Bank and Gaza strip. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among cancer patients. Patients were recruited through five hospitals that provide cancer care in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (Al-Hussein Hospital, Beit Jala; Augusta Victoria Hospital, Jerusalem; Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah; European Hospital and Abd Al-Aziz Al-Rantisi Hospital; Gaza). Data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on assessment of physical, psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual components of palliative care. In addition, the questionnaire assessed caregiver’s needs. Results: A total of 238 patients were interviewed. The mean age of the participants was 53.8±15 years. The most common types of cancer among patients were breast cancer (51 [21.4%]) and colorectal cancer (33 [13.9%]). Fifty percent of the patients had their children as their primary caregivers. Overall, the majority of the patients had good psychosocial, spiritual, and emotional scores. On the other hand, >80% had moderate to poor physical functioning scores. Psychosocial and emotional scores decreased significantly as the disease progressed. More than 33% of the patients reported that their caregivers were in need of financial, legal, and work-related support. In addition, other commonly reported unmet needs included support in understanding what to expect in the future and dealing with the feelings and worries of the patient. Conclusions: Cancer patients suffer mostly from their physical symptoms in addition to financial problems. On the other hand, assessment of the emotional, spiritual and psychological functioning of Palestinian patients indicates that the strength of religious beliefs and the support of the family and the friends in the Palestinian community had a great impact on the patients and help reduced the gap in palliative care services.

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