Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
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Browsing Biochemistry & Molecular Biology by Author "Diala issa salem hammad"
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- ItemGenetic Mutation in Metastatic Bresat Cancer in Lumnial A Tumors, which may cause a Resistant to Hormonal Therapy in Palestine(Al-Quds University, 2023-08-06) Diala issa salem hammad; ديالا عيسى سالم حمادMolecular classification for breast cancer has many important diagnostic therapeutic and prognostic implications for breast cancer patients, which depends on molecular types presented or missing in cancerous cells. The Luminal A subtype, contain Estrogen receptors (E.R.), Progesterone receptors (P.R.) while missing Human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2). Those patients are treated by hormonal therapy that targets these receptors to reduce or stop cancer cell growth and survival. In general, these patients have the best prognosis and the disease is more treatable than other subgroups. Some patients may develop hormonal therapy resistance for many reasons. In this research, we want to study the most common genetic mutation that causes hormonal therapy resistance. Material and method: This research contains two parts. First, we review a result tested in a tissue sample by Next generation sequencing (NGS) in sixteen patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, Luminal A, treated with hormonal therapy, and developed a disease progression through the treatment management to know the most common mutation in the population. Second, tested three patients that were positive in the first part and targeted these mutations by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sanger sequencing in a blood sample. Results The most common mutation that causes hormonal therapy resistance are ESR1 and PIK3CA mutations, and these mutations cannot be detected by PCR method. Conclusion These mutations need a specific method that covers all mutations that cause hormonal therapy resistance and disease progression in breast cancer patients. We need a specific method such as ddPCR to detect the mutation in ctDNA liquid biopsy.