تقييم مصادر المياه الجوفية في كفر دان باستخدام نموذج للمياه الجوفية.
Date
2015-07-01
Authors
أحمد عرابي مفضي خواجا
Ahmed Orabi Mofdi Khawaja
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AL-Quds University
جامعة القدس
جامعة القدس
Abstract
Ground water is the main source of drinking water in Palestine. It is also one
of the most important resources for agriculture. The increase in the population
has an impact on groundwater resources and has created problems in aquifers
such as declining water tables and also deterioration of water quality.
Palestine is facing a serious problem in managing groundwater due to its
limited availability and the excessive pumping of groundwater. The acute
shortage of groundwater has an adverse impact on the agricultural production
which leads to a stagnant economy.
This study has been conducted in the village of Kufr-Dan which aims at
studying the shallow aquifer in the area which is Eocene Aquifer.
This study used Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) to develop a
conceptual model on the basis of data from cross section and several
boreholes and to calibrate a numerical Model.
Seven wells ware selected for model calibration. The difference between the
simulated and observed wells was less than 8 meters. After adjusting the
permeability value in the model for the study area, we found that there is an
amount of 2,500 m
/day that enters the northern part of the study area ager
doing the calibration.
IV
The groundwater table ranges from 50m a.s.l in the northern part to 170m a.s.l
in the southern part, where the groundwater flow is towards the north eastern
side.
The model has 73 wells taping the Eocene aquifer. Most of them are dry due
to over pumping. The boundary of model is classified in to: flow boundary
and non-flow boundary. The total input is 0.43 MCM/year from boundary of
the model, the total output is 0.85 MCM/year from the boundary of the model.
The total quantity of recharge water for model is determined from rainfall
(88%), leakage from network water (0.5%), the quantity of infiltration water
from cesspits (1.4%), and the quantity of residual water that passes through
irrigation (10%) is 2. MCM. The total input and output from model was
2.98 MCM/year 2012/2013. The well abstraction from the model is 2.13
MCM/year which is about 70% of the aquifer budget.
Four scenarios have been applied based on the model. The climate change has
been taken into account in which the rainfall has decreased by 30% composed
with average amount of rainfall for the previous years. The total amount water
input and output in the model is 1.86 MCM, and the amount of abstracted
water is 1.3 MCM.
In another scenario, the rainfall has been increased by 10% based on the
previous years. We did not notice any noticeable change in the input and
output in the model, which is 3.19 MCM, and the amount of abstracted water
was 2.34 MCM.
V
The third and fourth scenarios were based on abstraction.
The third scenario is based on addition of three new wells in the northern part
of the study area each of them has a capacity of 40 m
/h.
The fourth scenario is based on artificial recharge, where seven dry wells
have been selected to be injected with 3,750 m
/day treated wastewater from
nearby Jenin wastewater plant. The yield of the wells in the area has improved
to 4.85 MCM, which is enough to meet the water demand of the farmers in
the area. The water output and input of the model was 4.89 MCM.
It was concluded that another well could be digged in the northern part of the
study area which can have a capacity of 20m
/h, and the water input and
output of a model well increase to 5.00 MCM/year.
Description
Keywords
الدراسات البيئية , Environmental Studies