Combined Removal of Pemetrexed Drug Using Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation from Polluted Water

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dc.contributor.authorSalameh, S.,
dc.contributor.authorAbu Khalil, H.,
dc.contributor.authorAlkhatib, M.,
dc.contributor.authorAyyad, I.,
dc.contributor.authorChovelon. J.-M.,
dc.contributor.authorFerronatoc, C.,
dc.contributor.authorAyyad, O.*,
dc.contributor.authorQurie, M.*,
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T19:11:53Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T19:11:53Z
dc.date.issued2025-08-15
dc.description.abstractPhenyl-substituted imidazoles, such as pemetrexed (PEME), pose substantial environmental risks due to their capacity for prolonged persistence within aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluates a combined adsorptionphotocatalysis approach using TiO2/UV-C for PEME removal, optimizing key parameters including pH (4.0–8.0), adsorbent dosage (0.125-1.0 g TiO2), and initial PEME concentration (25-200 ppm). The findings reveal optimal adsorption efficacy (92.6%) at a pH of 4.0, propelled by electrostatic attraction between protonated TiO₂ (Ti–OH₂⁺) and anionic PEME. Photocatalytic degradation further enhanced removal (98.7% at pH 4.0) through hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation under UV-C irradiation. The equilibrium data demonstrated a strong correlation with the Freundlich isotherm (R² > 0.98), indicating multi-layer adsorption on heterogeneous TiO₂ surfaces. Temperature variations ranging from 15 to 40 °C exhibited an insignificant impact, while elevated doses of TiO2 demonstrated a positive correlation with enhanced degradation. The TiO2/UV-C system has been demonstrated to be a scalable and efficient solution for PEME-contaminated water, particularly under acidic conditions, thereby advancing the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.alquds.edu/handle/20.500.12213/10443
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSPC (Sami Publishing Company)
dc.titleCombined Removal of Pemetrexed Drug Using Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation from Polluted Water
dc.typeArticle
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