الحماية القانونية للبيئة في فلسطين والقانون الدولي الإنساني
Date
2021-09-09
Authors
عيسى محمد محمود عكاوي
Issa Mohammed Mahmoud Akkawi
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
جامعة القدس
Abstract
تناول الباحث في هذه الدراسة المفاهيم اللغوية والاصطلاحية للبيئة وتلوثها وسبل حمايتها والأطر القانونية التي تتعلق بالتلوث وحماية البيئية منه، من خلال مجموعة اتفاقيات ونصوص قانونية محلية واقليمية و دولية، معززا ذلك كله لماهية وكيفية انتهاكات اسرائيل كدولة محتلة للبيئة في فلسطين.
قدم الباحث في الفصل الاول من هذه الدارسة تفصيلا شاملا حول المفاهيم القانونية لمصطلح البيئة وعلمها ومعنى تلوثها والاضرار الناتجة عن ضرر التلوث، وبين ابرز الملوثات البيئية زمن الحرب موضحا المبادئ الدولية للحماية الجنائية للبيئة ومفهوم هذه الحماية من الجريمة البيئة وأركانها من خلال المنظور الدولي، مبينا الضرر الكبير والمستمر والواسع الانتشار في البيئة الفلسطينية التي لربما ساهمت اسرائيل في وقوعه طوال فترة احتلالها المستمر لدولة فلسطين.
كما فصل الباحث في الفصل الثاني من هذه الدراسة، أن فلسطين تعتبر دولة كاملة السيادة بموجب القوانين والقرارات الأممية، والاثار التي ترتبت على هذه الوضعية، وفي المقابل وضح الباحث اختراق اسرائيل للمواثيق الدولية التي تتعلق بحماية البيئة والذي من شأنه لربما يمكن اعتبار اسرائيل المساهم الاكبر في التلوث البيئي في فلسطين، حيث قد تبين ذلك في نصوص الاتفاقيات البيئية الدولية المختلفة، كذلك في البروتوكولين الاول والثاني من اتفاقية جنيف لعام 1947، واتفاقية لاهاي الرابعة لعام 1907، كذلك وبشكل ضمني في الاتفاقيات والمؤتمرات حديثة العهد والمتعلقة بحماية البيئة.
وفي السياق نفسة بين الباحث محاولات مواجهة السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية لمشاكل التلوث البيئي في اراضيها من خلال وأنينها الوطنية، اضافة لما حدث فيها من متغيرات وتحولات عميقة بسبب حجم الهدم والتخريب والدمار الذي حدث في الأراضي الفلسطينية المحتلة خاصة في الحقبة الزمنية التي تلت اتفاقية اوسلو ناهيك عن نتائج فترة الاحتلال الاسرائيلي منذ عام 1967 والتي في مجملها قد تصب في انتهاك الحق الفلسطيني في العيش في بيئة آمنة نظيفة ومستدامة، فمن أبرز الانتهاكات الاسرائيلية للبيئة الفلسطينية هي تلك السياسة الاسرائيلية التي أدت إلى تحويل المزارع الفلسطيني عن العمل الزراعي واعتداءاتها المستمرة ليومنا هذا على الأراضي الفلسطينية المتنوعة.
In this study, the researcher dealt with the linguistic and idiomatic concepts of the environment and its pollution and ways to protect it, as well as the legal frameworks related to pollution and environmental protection, through a set of national, regional and international agreements and legal codes, reinforcing all of that to the nature and how of Israel’s violations as an occupying state of the environment in Palestine. In the first chapter of this study, the researcher presented a comprehensive detail about the legal concepts of the term environment, its science, the meaning of its pollution, the damage resulting from pollution damage, and between the most prominent environmental pollutants during wartime, explaining the international principles of criminal protection for the environment and the concept of this protection from environmental crime and its pillars through the international perspective, indicating to the large, continuous and widespread damage in the Palestinian environment that Israel may have contributed to during the ongoing period of its occupation of the State of Palestine. The researcher also detailed in the second chapter of this study, that Palestine is considered a fully sovereign state under international laws and resolutions, and the effects that have had on this situation. Environmental pollution in Palestine, as this has been demonstrated in the texts of various international environmental agreements, as well as in the first and second protocols of the Geneva Convention of 1947, and the Fourth Hague Convention of 1907, as well as implicitly in recent agreements and conferences related to the protection of the environment. In the same context, the researcher demonstrated the attempts of the Palestinian National Authority to confront the problems of environmental pollution in its lands through its national laws, in addition to the profound changes and transformations that occurred in it due to the scale of demolition, sabotage and destruction that occurred in the occupied Palestinian territories, especially in the time period that followed the Oslo Accords, not to mention the results of The period of the Israeli occupation since 1967, which in its entirety may lead to a violation of the Palestinian right to live in a safe, clean and sustainable environment. One of the most prominent Israeli violations of the Palestinian environment is the Israeli policy that diverted the Palestinian farmer from agricultural work and its continuous attacks to this day on the various Palestinian lands.
In this study, the researcher dealt with the linguistic and idiomatic concepts of the environment and its pollution and ways to protect it, as well as the legal frameworks related to pollution and environmental protection, through a set of national, regional and international agreements and legal codes, reinforcing all of that to the nature and how of Israel’s violations as an occupying state of the environment in Palestine. In the first chapter of this study, the researcher presented a comprehensive detail about the legal concepts of the term environment, its science, the meaning of its pollution, the damage resulting from pollution damage, and between the most prominent environmental pollutants during wartime, explaining the international principles of criminal protection for the environment and the concept of this protection from environmental crime and its pillars through the international perspective, indicating to the large, continuous and widespread damage in the Palestinian environment that Israel may have contributed to during the ongoing period of its occupation of the State of Palestine. The researcher also detailed in the second chapter of this study, that Palestine is considered a fully sovereign state under international laws and resolutions, and the effects that have had on this situation. Environmental pollution in Palestine, as this has been demonstrated in the texts of various international environmental agreements, as well as in the first and second protocols of the Geneva Convention of 1947, and the Fourth Hague Convention of 1907, as well as implicitly in recent agreements and conferences related to the protection of the environment. In the same context, the researcher demonstrated the attempts of the Palestinian National Authority to confront the problems of environmental pollution in its lands through its national laws, in addition to the profound changes and transformations that occurred in it due to the scale of demolition, sabotage and destruction that occurred in the occupied Palestinian territories, especially in the time period that followed the Oslo Accords, not to mention the results of The period of the Israeli occupation since 1967, which in its entirety may lead to a violation of the Palestinian right to live in a safe, clean and sustainable environment. One of the most prominent Israeli violations of the Palestinian environment is the Israeli policy that diverted the Palestinian farmer from agricultural work and its continuous attacks to this day on the various Palestinian lands.
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Citation
عكاوي، عيسى محمد. (2021). الحماية القانونية للبيئة في فلسطين والقانون الدولي الإنساني [رسالة ماجستير
منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس. https://arab-scholars.com/b41ef2