دعاوى التعويضات في قانون التأمين
Date
2024-09-07
Authors
رائد ابراهيم محمد ظرف
Raed Ibrahim Tharf
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تناولت هذه الدراسة موضوع دعاوى التعويضات في قانون التأمين، إذ تم إستعراض، وتحليل الجوانب القانونية المختلفة لدعاوى التعويضات، مع التركيز على القوانين، والتشريعات المقارنة، وكذلك على الإجتهادات القضائية ذات العلاقة.
وتكمن اهمية هذه الدراسة في الحاجة الماسة إلى تبيان مواطن التناقض والنقص في قانون التأمين الفلسطيني لما يمثله ذلك من صعوبة في التطبيق العملي على أرض الواقع والذي يؤدي بالضرورة إلى تناقض الإجتهادات والأحكام القضائية، هذا بالإضافة إلى تقديم تطبيقات عملية على دعاوى التعويضات المنبثقة عن قانون التأمين، وهذا من شأنه ان يحدد مواطن الخلل في قانون التأمين بشكل أدق .
وهدفت هذه الدراسة إلى المساهمة في تقديم المزيد من الدراسات المتخصصة في مجال التأمين في فلسطين، وتحديداً فيما يتعلق بدعاوى التعويضات على إختلافها، و تهدف أيضا إلى المساهمة في توضيح وتبيان حقوق الطرف الضعيف، سواء في العلاقة التعاقدية الناشئة عن عقد التأمين، أو المتضرر من الغير.
وتمثلت اشكالية هذه الدراسة في مدى إنصاف دعاوى التعويضات للمؤمن له، أو المتضرر في ظل قانون التأمين؟ ، وللإجابة على هذا التساؤل اعتمد الباحث المنهج التحليلي المقارن، من خلال تناول النصوص القانونية المتعلقة بموضوع هذه الدراسة، في قانون التأمين الفلسطيني، وتشريعات تأمينية عربية، وإجراء المقارنة فيما بينها، إضافة إلى تحليل المواد القانونية، والأحكام القضائية، واستعراض الآراء الفقهية، ودراسات سابقة في الموضوع، هذا بالإضافة إلى التركيز على الجانب العملي لهذا النوع من الدعاوى.
وقد قام الباحث بتقسيم موضوع هذه الدراسة إلى فصلين رئيسين، وذلك ضمن دراسة مقارنة بين قانون التأمين الفلسطيني، والتشريعات التأمينية في كل من مصر و الأردن، وما جاء في الشروحات الفقهية ذات الصلة.
حيث تناول الباحث في الفصل الأول، ماهية دعاوى التعويضات، ضمن ثلاثة مباحث، بيّن في المبحث الأول، مفهوم دعوى التعويض، من جهة تعريفها، وتبيان خصائصها، وفي المبحث الثاني، استعرض شروط هذه الدعوى، من ناحية الشروط الواجب توافرها في أطراف الدعوى، وفي الحق المدعى به، وبين في المبحث الثالث، التقادم في دعاوى التعويضات، سواء تقادم الدعاوى الناشئة عن عقد التأمين، أو تلك المرتبطة به، بالإضافة إلى تقادم دعوى تعويض الإصابات الجسدية الناتجة عن حوادث الطرق.
أما الفصل الثاني، فتناول فيه الباحث تطبيقات دعاوى التعويضات وفق قانون التأمين، وذلك ضمن ثلاثة مباحث، خصص الأول لدعوى التعويض المباشرة، إذ تم تحديد مفهومها، وشروطها، والدفوع الخاصة بهذا النوع من الدعاوى. أما المبحث الثاني، فتم فيه تناول دعاوى الرجوع في قانون التأمين، إذ تم الحديث عن دعوى رجوع المؤمن على المتسبب بالضرر من الغير، وكذلك دعوى رجوع المدعى عليه على المدعي بالدفعات المستعجلة في حوادث الطرق، ودعوى رجوع الصندوق على المسؤول عن التعويض في حوادث الطرق، وفي المبحث الثالث، تم التطرق إلى موضوع التعويض عن الإصابات الجسدية الناتجة عن حوادث الطرق، من خلال الحديث عن دعوى التعويض عن
الإصابات الجسدية الناتجة عن حوادث الطرق، وطلب الدفع المستعجل لمصابي حوادث الطرق.
وفي النهاية، وضمن الخاتمة تم الحديث عن أهم النتائج، والتوصيات التي توصل إليها الباحث، ومن أهم تلك النتائج، وجود بعض النقص والتناقض في قانون التأمين، الأمر الذي خلق مشاكل في التطبيق العملي، وأدت إلى إثارة الجدل، وتضارب الإجتهادات القضائية. وأوصى الباحث بالنتيجة، ضرورة العمل على تعديل قانون التأمين، لتدارك ذلك النقص والتناقض، بالإضافة إلى العمل على موائمة، وتعديل، وإقرار بعض القوانين ذات الصلة، للخروج بقانون تأمين يلبي احتياجات، وظروف، وخصوصية الواقع الفلسطيني.
This study addressed the subject of Compensation suits arising from the insurance law, where the various legal aspects of compensation suits were reviewed and analyzed, with a focus on comparative laws and legislation, as well as on related judicial interpretations. The importance of this study lies in the urgent need to clarify the contradictions and shortcomings in the Palestinian insurance law, as this represents a difficulty in practical application on the reality, which necessarily leads to contradictory interpretations and judicial rulings, in addition to provide practical applications on compensation suits arising from the insurance law, which would determine the shortcomings in the insurance law more accurately This study aimed to contribute to provide more specialized studies in the field of insurance in Palestine, specifically with regard to compensation suits of all kinds, and also aims to contribute to clarify and explain the rights of the weak party, whether in the contractual relationship arising from the insurance contract, or the one harmed by others The problem of this study was represented in the extent of fairness of compensation suits for the insured one, or the harmed party under the insurance law? To answer this question, the researcher adopted the comparative analytical approach, by addressing the legal texts related to the subject of this study, in the Palestinian Insurance Law, and Arab insurance legislation, and making a comparison between them, in addition to analyze the legal materials, judicial rulings, reviewing the jurisprudential opinions, and previous studies on the subject, in addition to focus on the practical aspect of this type of lawsuits. The researcher divided the subject of this study into two main chapters within a comparative study between the Palestinian Insurance Law and insurance legislation in both Egypt and Jordan, alongside what was stated in the relevant jurisprudential explanations and commentaries. In the first chapter, the researcher explored the nature of compensation suits through three sections. In the first section, he explained the concept of compensation suits in terms of its definition and outlining its characteristics. In the second section, he reviewed the conditions of this suits in terms of the conditions that must be met by the parties to the suits and the claimed right. In the third section, he addressed the statute of limitations in compensation suits, whether the statute of limitations for suits arising from the insurance contract or those related to it, in addition to the statute of limitations for suits for compensation for bodily injuries resulting from road accidents. The second chapter dealt with the applications of compensation suits according to the insurance law, within three sections, the first section devoted to the direct compensation suits, specifying their definition, conditions, and defenses associated with this type of suit. The second section discussed the suits of recourse in the insurance law, including the insured's suits of recourse against the third party who caused the damage, as well as the defendant's suit of recourse against the claimant for urgent payments in road accidents, and the fund's suit of recourse against the person responsible for compensation in road accidents. In the third section, the issue of compensation for bodily injuries resulting from road accidents was addressed by talking about the claim of compensation for bodily injuries resulting from road accidents, and the request for urgent payment for road accident victims. Finally, and in the conclusion, the researcher discussed the most important results and recommendations that he reached. The most important of these results is that there are some shortcomings and contradictions in the insurance law that created problems in practical application and led to controversy and judicial interpretations. The researcher recommended, as a result, the necessity of working to amend the insurance law to address these shortcomings and contradictions, in addition to harmonizing, amending and approving some relevant laws to come up with an insurance law that meets the needs, circumstances and specificity of the Palestinian reality.
This study addressed the subject of Compensation suits arising from the insurance law, where the various legal aspects of compensation suits were reviewed and analyzed, with a focus on comparative laws and legislation, as well as on related judicial interpretations. The importance of this study lies in the urgent need to clarify the contradictions and shortcomings in the Palestinian insurance law, as this represents a difficulty in practical application on the reality, which necessarily leads to contradictory interpretations and judicial rulings, in addition to provide practical applications on compensation suits arising from the insurance law, which would determine the shortcomings in the insurance law more accurately This study aimed to contribute to provide more specialized studies in the field of insurance in Palestine, specifically with regard to compensation suits of all kinds, and also aims to contribute to clarify and explain the rights of the weak party, whether in the contractual relationship arising from the insurance contract, or the one harmed by others The problem of this study was represented in the extent of fairness of compensation suits for the insured one, or the harmed party under the insurance law? To answer this question, the researcher adopted the comparative analytical approach, by addressing the legal texts related to the subject of this study, in the Palestinian Insurance Law, and Arab insurance legislation, and making a comparison between them, in addition to analyze the legal materials, judicial rulings, reviewing the jurisprudential opinions, and previous studies on the subject, in addition to focus on the practical aspect of this type of lawsuits. The researcher divided the subject of this study into two main chapters within a comparative study between the Palestinian Insurance Law and insurance legislation in both Egypt and Jordan, alongside what was stated in the relevant jurisprudential explanations and commentaries. In the first chapter, the researcher explored the nature of compensation suits through three sections. In the first section, he explained the concept of compensation suits in terms of its definition and outlining its characteristics. In the second section, he reviewed the conditions of this suits in terms of the conditions that must be met by the parties to the suits and the claimed right. In the third section, he addressed the statute of limitations in compensation suits, whether the statute of limitations for suits arising from the insurance contract or those related to it, in addition to the statute of limitations for suits for compensation for bodily injuries resulting from road accidents. The second chapter dealt with the applications of compensation suits according to the insurance law, within three sections, the first section devoted to the direct compensation suits, specifying their definition, conditions, and defenses associated with this type of suit. The second section discussed the suits of recourse in the insurance law, including the insured's suits of recourse against the third party who caused the damage, as well as the defendant's suit of recourse against the claimant for urgent payments in road accidents, and the fund's suit of recourse against the person responsible for compensation in road accidents. In the third section, the issue of compensation for bodily injuries resulting from road accidents was addressed by talking about the claim of compensation for bodily injuries resulting from road accidents, and the request for urgent payment for road accident victims. Finally, and in the conclusion, the researcher discussed the most important results and recommendations that he reached. The most important of these results is that there are some shortcomings and contradictions in the insurance law that created problems in practical application and led to controversy and judicial interpretations. The researcher recommended, as a result, the necessity of working to amend the insurance law to address these shortcomings and contradictions, in addition to harmonizing, amending and approving some relevant laws to come up with an insurance law that meets the needs, circumstances and specificity of the Palestinian reality.
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Keywords
Citation
ظرف، رائد ابراهيم. (2024). دعاوى التعويضات في قانون التأمين [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس.