اكتئاب ما بعد الولادة وعلاقته بكفاءة الدور الأمومي لدى الأمّهات اللّواتي أنجبن حديثًا في محافظة رام الله والبيرة
Date
2025-01-15
Authors
مجد عبد الإله عبد الرحيم حمامي
Majd Abed AlIlah Abed AlRaheem Hamami
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هدفت الدّراسة إلى دراسة العلاقة الارتباطيّة بين اكتئاب ما بعد الولادة وكفاءة الدَّوْر الأموميّ لدى عيّنة من الأمّهات الفلسطينيّات اللّواتي أنجبن حديثًا واللّواتي يعشن في محافظة رام الله والبيرة. ولتحقيق أهداف الدّراسة استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفيّ، والمقياسَيْن التّاليَيْن: مقياس إدنبرة لاكتئاب ما بعد الولادة، ومقياس كفاءة الدَّوْر الأموميّ، وقد تمّ اختيار العيّنة بالطّريقة المتاحة.
بيّنت نتائج الدّراسة بأنّ%50.9 من المبحوثات لديهن مستوى اكتئاب منخفض،وأن 18.3% لديهنّ اكتئاب متوسّط، بينما 4.3% لديهنّ اكتئاب شديد. وجاء المتوسّط الحسابيّ للدّرجة الكلّيّة بقيمة 10.01 وانحراف معياريّ 4.974، ولمعرفة نسبة المبحوثات اللّواتي يحتجن لتدخّل علاجيّ نفسيّ أو دوائيّ تمّ التّأكّد من نقطة الحسم لمقياس الاكتئاب وهي 17، حيث تبين أن%11.2لديهنّ اكتئاب ويحتجن إلى تدخّلات علاجية.
كما أظهرت النّتائج أنّ مستوى الكفاءة في الدَّوْر الأموميّ لدى المبحوثات جاءت بدرجة عالية، بأنّ المتوسّط الحسابيّ للدّرجة الكلّيّة 8.019 وانحراف معياري 1.40، وبنسبةمئوية %80 كما تبيّن وجود علاقة سلبيّة عكسيّة دالّة إحصائيًّا بين مستوى الكفاءة في الدَّوْر الأموميّ واكتئاب ما بعد الولادة لدى المبحوثات، أي أنّه كلّما زاد مستوى اكتئاب ما بعد الولادة قلّل ذلك من مستوى الكفاءة في الدَّوْر الأموميّ لدى المبحوثات، والعكس صحيح، وكذلك للمجالات. كما وتوضّح النّتائج أنّ هناك فروق في متوسّطات مستوى اكتئاب ما بعد الولادة لدى المبحوثات يُعزى لمتغيّر الدّعم الأسريّ لصالح اللّواتي لم يتلقّيْن الدّعم الأسريّ، وفروق تُعزى لمتغيّر الرّغبة بالحمل الأخير لصالح اللّواتي لم يرغبن بالحمل الأخير، وفروق تُعزى لمتغيّر التّاريخ السّابق لاكتئاب ما بعد الولادة لصالح اللّواتي سبق وأن أصبن به من قبل، وفروق تُعزى لمتغيّر الاكتئاب اثناء الحمل لصالح اللّواتي حدث لهنّ أعراض اكتئاب أثناء الحمل. كما وتبيّن وجود فروق في متوسّطات مستوى الكفاءة في الدَّوْر الأموميّ لدى المبحوثات يُعزى لمتغيّر التّعليم لصالح التّعليم الثّانويّ، وفروق تُعزى لمتغيّر الدّعم الأسريّ لصالح اللّواتي تلقَّيْن الدّعم الأسريّ، وفروق تُعزى لمتغيّر حدوث مضاعفات صحّيّة أثناء الولادة لصالح اللّواتي لم تحدث لهن مضاعفات صحّيّة أثناء الولادة، وفروق تُعزى لمتغيّر التّثقيف الصّحّيّ لصالح اللّواتي حصلن على تثقيف صحّيّ.
وبناءً على نتائج الدّراسة توصي الباحثة بدمج الخدمات النّفسيّة في المراكز المتخصّصة في الرّعاية الصّحّيّة للأمّهات في فترة ما قبل وبعد الولادة، وكذلك بالاهتمام بالنّساء اللّواتي لديهنّ أعراض اكتئابيّة أثناء الحمل وتقديم الدّعم لهنّ للتّقليل من احتماليّة ظهور أعراض الاكتئاب في فترة ما بعد الولادة، كما توصي الباحثة بالاهتمام بالتثقيف النفسي الوقائي للأمهات قبل الولادة وذلك فيما يتعلق بملاحظة أعراض اكتئاب ما بعد الولادة وكذلك فيما يتعلق بممارسة الدور الأمومي بكفاءة بجوانبه المختلفة.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الكفاءة في الدَّوْر الأموميّ، اكتئاب ما بعد الولادة، أمّهات أنجبن حديثًا، محافظة رام الله والبيرة.
The study aimed to examine the correlational relationship between postpartum depression and maternal role Attainment among a sample of recently delivered Palestinian mothers living in the Ramallah and Al-Bireh Governorate. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher used the descriptive methodology and two scales: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Maternal Role attainment Scale. The sample was selected through the convenience sampling method. The results of the study showed that 50.9% of the respondents had a low level of depression, 18.3% had moderate depression, and 4.3% had severe depression. The overall mean score was 10.01 with a standard deviation of 4.974. To determine the percentage of respondents who required psychological or medical intervention, the cut-off point for the depression scale, which is 17, was used. It was found that 11.2% had depression and needed therapeutic interventions. The results also showed that the level of maternal role attainment among the respondents was high, with an overall mean score of 8.019, a standard deviation of 1.40, and a percentage of 80%. There was a statistically significant negative inverse relationship between the level of maternal role competence and postpartum depression among the respondents. That is, the higher the level of postpartum depression, the lower the level of maternal role competence, and vice versa, and this applied to the subdomains as well. The results also indicated that there were differences in the mean levels of postpartum depression among respondents based on the variable of family support, in favor of those who did not receive family support; differences based on the variable of desire for the last pregnancy, in favor of those who did not desire it; differences based on the variable of previous history of postpartum depression, in favor of those who had it before; and differences based on the variable of depression during pregnancy, in favor of those who had symptoms of depression during pregnancy. It was also found that there were differences in the mean levels of maternal role attainment among the respondents based on the variable of education, in favor of secondary education; differences based on the variable of family support, in favor of those who received family support; differences based on the occurrence of health complications during childbirth, in favor of those who did not experience such complications; and differences based on the variable of receiving health education, in favor of those who received it. Based on the study results, the researcher recommends integrating psychological services in specialized healthcare centers for mothers during the prenatal and postnatal periods. Attention should also be paid to women who have depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and support should be provided to reduce the likelihood of postpartum depression. The researcher also recommends focusing on preventive psychological education for mothers before childbirth, particularly in terms of recognizing the symptoms of postpartum depression and in performing the maternal role competently across its various dimensions. Keywords: Maternal Role attainment, Postpartum Depression, Recently Delivered Mothers, Ramallah and Al-Bireh Governorate.
The study aimed to examine the correlational relationship between postpartum depression and maternal role Attainment among a sample of recently delivered Palestinian mothers living in the Ramallah and Al-Bireh Governorate. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher used the descriptive methodology and two scales: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Maternal Role attainment Scale. The sample was selected through the convenience sampling method. The results of the study showed that 50.9% of the respondents had a low level of depression, 18.3% had moderate depression, and 4.3% had severe depression. The overall mean score was 10.01 with a standard deviation of 4.974. To determine the percentage of respondents who required psychological or medical intervention, the cut-off point for the depression scale, which is 17, was used. It was found that 11.2% had depression and needed therapeutic interventions. The results also showed that the level of maternal role attainment among the respondents was high, with an overall mean score of 8.019, a standard deviation of 1.40, and a percentage of 80%. There was a statistically significant negative inverse relationship between the level of maternal role competence and postpartum depression among the respondents. That is, the higher the level of postpartum depression, the lower the level of maternal role competence, and vice versa, and this applied to the subdomains as well. The results also indicated that there were differences in the mean levels of postpartum depression among respondents based on the variable of family support, in favor of those who did not receive family support; differences based on the variable of desire for the last pregnancy, in favor of those who did not desire it; differences based on the variable of previous history of postpartum depression, in favor of those who had it before; and differences based on the variable of depression during pregnancy, in favor of those who had symptoms of depression during pregnancy. It was also found that there were differences in the mean levels of maternal role attainment among the respondents based on the variable of education, in favor of secondary education; differences based on the variable of family support, in favor of those who received family support; differences based on the occurrence of health complications during childbirth, in favor of those who did not experience such complications; and differences based on the variable of receiving health education, in favor of those who received it. Based on the study results, the researcher recommends integrating psychological services in specialized healthcare centers for mothers during the prenatal and postnatal periods. Attention should also be paid to women who have depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and support should be provided to reduce the likelihood of postpartum depression. The researcher also recommends focusing on preventive psychological education for mothers before childbirth, particularly in terms of recognizing the symptoms of postpartum depression and in performing the maternal role competently across its various dimensions. Keywords: Maternal Role attainment, Postpartum Depression, Recently Delivered Mothers, Ramallah and Al-Bireh Governorate.
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Citation
حمامي، مجد عبد الإله. (2025). اكتئاب ما بعد الولادة وعلاقته بكفاءة الدور الأمومي لدى الأمّهات اللّواتي أنجبن حديثًا في محافظة رام الله والبيرة [رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة]. جامعة القدس.