المشاركة في المجالس التشريعية في ضوءِ مقاصد الشَّريعة الإسلاميةِ
Date
2025-12-20
Authors
عبدالله محمد عبد الهادي محاريق
Abdallah Mohammd Abdalhadi Mhareeq
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds Univeersity
Abstract
تتناول هذه الرسالة قضية المشاركة في المجالس التشريعية (البرلمانات) من منظور مقاصدي شرعي، وذلك في ظل التحولات السياسية والاجتماعية التي تشهدها المجتمعات الإسلامية المعاصرة. وتسعى الدراسة إلى بيان الحكم الشرعي لمشاركة المسلم في هذه المجالس، ومدى مشروعيتها، وحدودها، وضوابطها، وذلك من خلال ربط المسألة بمقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية الكلية، وخاصة في ضوء فقه الموازنات والمصالح والمفاسد وفقه المآلات.
وقد تضمنت الرسالة ثلاثة فصول رئيسية، تناول الأول منها العلاقة بين المجالس التشريعية ومقاصد الشريعة من حيث المفهوم والنشأة والتقاطع، فيما ركز الفصل الثاني على بيان المقاصد والغايات التي يمكن أن تتحقق من دخول البرلمانات في الجوانب التشريعية والسياسية والرقابية والخدماتية، كما تم عرض الآثار الإيجابية والسلبية المترتبة على المشاركة أو الانحراف عنها. أما الفصل الثالث فقد خصص لدراسة فقه الموازنات، من حيث الضوابط والأصول، وتطبيقه على نازلة دخول البرلمانات، مع تحليل دقيق للمصالح والمفاسد ومآلات هذه المشاركة.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن دخول البرلمانات لا يمكن الحكم عليه حكمًا واحدًا في جميع الأحوال، بل يتفاوت باختلاف الزمان والمكان والقدرة والمآل، مما يستلزم مراعاة ضوابط دقيقة مستمدة من المقاصد الشرعية وقواعد فقه الموازنات، وأهمها: تقدير الواقع، وغلبة الظن بتحقيق المصلحة أو دفع المفسدة، وعدم الوقوع في محذورات شرعية تفوق المصلحة المتوقعة.
This thesis addresses the issue of participating in legislative councils (parliaments) from a Maqasidic (higher objectives of Islamic law) perspective, in light of the political and social transformations facing contemporary Muslim societies. The study seeks to clarify the Sharia ruling on Muslim participation in such councils, its legitimacy, conditions, and limits, by linking the matter to the overarching objectives of Islamic law, particularly through the lens of the jurisprudence of balancing (Fiqh al-Muwāzanāt), benefits and harms, and consequences. The thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter discusses the conceptual and historical relationship between legislative councils and the Maqasid of Sharia. The second chapter examines the potential objectives and benefits of parliamentary participation in legislative, political, supervisory, and service-related aspects, and also explores both the positive and negative consequences of proper or deviated participation. The third chapter focuses on the jurisprudence of balancing, outlining its principles and applying it to the case of parliamentary participation, with a detailed analysis of the related interests, harms, and expected outcomes. The study concludes that participation in parliaments cannot be subject to a fixed ruling in all circumstances. Rather, the ruling varies depending on time, place, ability, and anticipated consequences. Therefore, a nuanced and principled approach is required, based on Maqasid-oriented legal criteria, including contextual awareness, likelihood of achieving benefit or avoiding harm, and avoiding prohibited consequences that outweigh potential benefits.
This thesis addresses the issue of participating in legislative councils (parliaments) from a Maqasidic (higher objectives of Islamic law) perspective, in light of the political and social transformations facing contemporary Muslim societies. The study seeks to clarify the Sharia ruling on Muslim participation in such councils, its legitimacy, conditions, and limits, by linking the matter to the overarching objectives of Islamic law, particularly through the lens of the jurisprudence of balancing (Fiqh al-Muwāzanāt), benefits and harms, and consequences. The thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter discusses the conceptual and historical relationship between legislative councils and the Maqasid of Sharia. The second chapter examines the potential objectives and benefits of parliamentary participation in legislative, political, supervisory, and service-related aspects, and also explores both the positive and negative consequences of proper or deviated participation. The third chapter focuses on the jurisprudence of balancing, outlining its principles and applying it to the case of parliamentary participation, with a detailed analysis of the related interests, harms, and expected outcomes. The study concludes that participation in parliaments cannot be subject to a fixed ruling in all circumstances. Rather, the ruling varies depending on time, place, ability, and anticipated consequences. Therefore, a nuanced and principled approach is required, based on Maqasid-oriented legal criteria, including contextual awareness, likelihood of achieving benefit or avoiding harm, and avoiding prohibited consequences that outweigh potential benefits.