تفويض مأموري الضبط القضائي في التحقيق الابتدائي
Date
2023-08-19
Authors
ألاء شاهر يوسف الحريبات
Ala'a Shaher Hrebat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هدفت هذه الدراسة الى معالجة مسألة قانونية مهمة تتعلق بتفويض مأموري الضبط القضائي للتحقيق الابتدائي من زاوية مقارنة، كذلك هدفت الدراسة الى توسيع دائرة المعرفة في مجال الدراسات القانونية في القانون الجنائي وإبراز كيفية ضمان حق المتهم في التحقيق الابتدائي، ومن جانب آخر جاء هذا الموضوع لمسايرة أحداث الساعة وارتباطه الوثيق بالواقع الذي نعيشه. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اتبعت الباحثة المنهاج العلمي التحليلي المقارن، متناولة قانون الإجراءات الجزائية الفلسطيني رقم 3 لسنة 2001، وما يقابله من قانون الإجراءات الجنائية المصري رقم 150 لسنة 1950 وتعديلاته في 5 سبتمبر 2020 بالقانون 189 لسنة 2020، وقانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية الأردني وتعديلاته رقم 9 لسنة 1961، وألقت الباحثة الضوء على بعض الآراء الفقهية، وأحكام القضاء المصري والأردني وقرارات المحاكم والسوابق القضائية الفلسطينية وقرارات المحاكم الأردنية. وقد خلصت الدراسة الى عدد من النتائج المهمة منها: إن تفويض مأمور الضبط القضائي لإعمال التحقيق الابتدائي أجازه المشرع الفلسطيني، بشرط مراعاة الضمانات وحقوق الأفراد وحفظ كرامة المواطنين أثناء التحقيق وعدم اتخاذ أي إجراء من إجراءات التحقيق الا إذا توفرت شروطه وفق ما نصت عليها القوانين؛ ايضاً تبين أن قانون الإجراءات الجزائية الفلسطيني رقم 3 لسنة 2001 لم ينص على حق المشتبه فيه بتوكيل محامي خلال مرحلة الاستدلال وإنما وجد ذلك في مرحلة التحقيق الابتدائي والمحاكمة، الا أن ذلك لا يقضي بحظر هذا الإجراء ان الأصل تمتع الإنسان بحقوقه كافة، فالقاعدة تقول " المطلق يجري على إطلاقه". ومن النتائج المهمة التي بينتها الدراسة ان هناك خلل وعدم انضباط حقيقي في ممارسة مأموري الضابطة العدلية لصلاحياتهم في متابعة وكشف الجريمة بكافة مراحل التحقيق، وذلك بانعكاس هذه الممارسات على حماية الحريات الشخصية وانتهاك الكرامة الإنسانية. وقد أوصت الباحثة في نهاية هذه الدراسة بتوصيات مهمة منها: إيجاد ملحق تفسيري للمادة 41 من قانون الإجراءات الفلسطيني والتي تنص على " الاستعجال" في التفتيش والقبض، لأن هذا المفهوم يشوبه الغموض وربما يفسر لغير صالح المواطن، بحيث ينتهك حرمة البيوت والأشخاص أثناء التفتيش والقبض، وهذه حقوق كفلها القانون الأساسي الفلسطيني لأنها من أولويات التشريع في أي بلد. كذلك على الجهات القضائية والمختصة (مجلس القضاء الأعلى) فرض الرقابة على عمل وممارسات وصلاحيات مأمور الضبط القضائي في القضايا التي يتم انتدابهم بها من النيابة العامة بشكل مستمر وضرورة مراقبة أمر التفويض منعاً لتغولهم في سلطاتهم.
This study aims to address an important legal issue related to the assignment of judicial officers to the preliminary investigation from a comparative angle, as well as the study aims to expand the circle of knowledge in the field of legal studies in criminal law and highlight how to ensure the right of the accused in the preliminary investigation, On the other hand, this topic aims to keep pace with current events and its close link to the reality we live in. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher followed the comparative analytical scientific approach, addressing the Palestinian Code of Criminal Procedure No. 3 of 2001, and the corresponding Egyptian Code of Criminal Procedure No. 150 of 1950 and its amendments on September 5, 2020 by Law 189 of 2020, and the Code of Criminal Procedure and its amendments No. 9 of 1961. The researcher shed light on some jurisprudential opinions, Egyptian and Jordanian judicial rulings, court decisions, Palestinian judicial precedents and Jordanian court decisions. The study concluded a number of important results, including: The assignment of the judicial officer to carry out the preliminary investigation is approved by the Palestinian legislator, provided that the guarantees and rights of individuals are taken into account, and the dignity of citizens is preserved during the investigation and that no investigation procedures are taken unless its conditions are met as stipulated by the laws. It was also found that the Palestinian Code of Criminal Procedure No. 3 of 2001 did not stipulate the right of the suspect to appoint a lawyer during the evidentiary stage, but found this at the stage of preliminary investigation and trial, but this does not prohibit this procedure, as the original enjoyment of all human rights, One of the important results shown by the study is that there is a real defect and lack of discipline in the exercise of the judicial police officers of their powers in following up and detecting the crime at all stages of the investigation, as these practices reflect on the protection of personal freedoms and the violation of human dignity. At the end of this study, the researcher recommended important recommendations, including: finding an explanatory annex to Article 41 of the Palestinian Procedural Law, which provides for "urgency" in search and arrest, because this concept is ambiguous and may be interpreted to the disadvantage of the citizen, so that it violates the sanctity of homes and people during search and arrest, and these rights are guaranteed by the Palestinian Basic Law because they are one of the priorities of legislation in any country. The judicial and competent authorities (the Supreme Judicial Council) shall also impose control over the work, practices and powers of the judicial officer in cases in which the Public Prosecution on an ongoing basis, and the need to monitor the delegation order in order to prevent their encroachment on their powers delegates them.
This study aims to address an important legal issue related to the assignment of judicial officers to the preliminary investigation from a comparative angle, as well as the study aims to expand the circle of knowledge in the field of legal studies in criminal law and highlight how to ensure the right of the accused in the preliminary investigation, On the other hand, this topic aims to keep pace with current events and its close link to the reality we live in. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher followed the comparative analytical scientific approach, addressing the Palestinian Code of Criminal Procedure No. 3 of 2001, and the corresponding Egyptian Code of Criminal Procedure No. 150 of 1950 and its amendments on September 5, 2020 by Law 189 of 2020, and the Code of Criminal Procedure and its amendments No. 9 of 1961. The researcher shed light on some jurisprudential opinions, Egyptian and Jordanian judicial rulings, court decisions, Palestinian judicial precedents and Jordanian court decisions. The study concluded a number of important results, including: The assignment of the judicial officer to carry out the preliminary investigation is approved by the Palestinian legislator, provided that the guarantees and rights of individuals are taken into account, and the dignity of citizens is preserved during the investigation and that no investigation procedures are taken unless its conditions are met as stipulated by the laws. It was also found that the Palestinian Code of Criminal Procedure No. 3 of 2001 did not stipulate the right of the suspect to appoint a lawyer during the evidentiary stage, but found this at the stage of preliminary investigation and trial, but this does not prohibit this procedure, as the original enjoyment of all human rights, One of the important results shown by the study is that there is a real defect and lack of discipline in the exercise of the judicial police officers of their powers in following up and detecting the crime at all stages of the investigation, as these practices reflect on the protection of personal freedoms and the violation of human dignity. At the end of this study, the researcher recommended important recommendations, including: finding an explanatory annex to Article 41 of the Palestinian Procedural Law, which provides for "urgency" in search and arrest, because this concept is ambiguous and may be interpreted to the disadvantage of the citizen, so that it violates the sanctity of homes and people during search and arrest, and these rights are guaranteed by the Palestinian Basic Law because they are one of the priorities of legislation in any country. The judicial and competent authorities (the Supreme Judicial Council) shall also impose control over the work, practices and powers of the judicial officer in cases in which the Public Prosecution on an ongoing basis, and the need to monitor the delegation order in order to prevent their encroachment on their powers delegates them.
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Citation
الحريبات، ألاء شاهر. (2023). تفويض مأموري الضبط القضائي في التحقيق الابتدائي [رسالة ماجستير
منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس. https://arab-scholars.com/7995e4