سلطة القاضي التقديرية في الأدلة الملزمة في المواد المدنية والتجارية
Date
2023-01-17
Authors
أصالة عوني عليان المشني
Asala Awni Elian Almashni
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
جامعة القدس
Abstract
إن سلطة القاضي التقديرية في الأدلة الملزمة في المواد المدنية والتجارية هي من المواضيع البالغة الأهمية وذلك بسبب أن السلطة التقديرية الممنوحة للقاضي تتطلب منه البحث والتحري الدقيق للوصول إلى الحقيقة التي هي جوهر الحكم العادل، إذ أن الحقيقة لا تسفر عن وجهها من تلقاء نفسها، بل لا بد أن يقوم القاضي بالكشف عنها وذلك من خلال منحه سلطة تقديرية سواء أكانت هذه السلطة واسعة أم ضيقة، إذ ليس بوسعه البت في القضية المطروحة بين يديه قبل تقدير الوقائع وحقائق الأدلة ودلالتها، ومعايشة وجدانية أحداث القضية، وتكوين القناعة فيها، لذا فإن انعدام السلطة التقديرية يعني انعدام السلطة القضائية ذاتها.وقد تناولت الدراسة سلطة القاضي التقديرية في الأدلة الملزمة في المواد المدنية والتجارية، وتم تقسيم هذه الدراسة إلى فصلين: الفصل الأول تناول الأدلة الملزمة ذات الحجية غير قاطعة (كالأدلة الكتابية والإقرار القضائي و القرائن القانونية غير القاطعة)، والفصل الثاني الأدلة الملزمة ذات الحجية القاطعة ( كاليمين الحاسمة والقرائن القانونية القاطعة وحجية الأمر المقضي فيه ).ويهدف الباحث بالدرجة الأولى إلى بيان دور القاضي في كل من هذه الأدلة نظرا إلى أنها ملزمة ويعتقد أن إلزاميتها تنفي أي سلطة تقديرية حيالها، وذلك من خلال مناقشة وتحليل النصوص القانونية المنظمة للموضوع في القانون الفلسطيني والقوانين المقارنة حيث يهدف للوصول إلى اقتراح نصوص على المشرع الفلسطيني أو تعديل بعض النصوص وهذا في نتائج وتوصيات هذه الدراسة، ولقد اعتمدت في هذه الدراسة على بعض النظم القانونية المقارنة كالقانون الأردني والقانون المصري والجزائري والفرنسي... للتوصل من خلالها إلى إظهار وجود السلطة التقديرية في هذه الأدلة، وهل هي سلطة واسعة أم ضيقة، لأن هذه السلطة هي الأساس التي يستند عليها القاضي في إصدار الأحكام في الدعاوى التي يقوم بنظرها في المحاكم.
The discretionary authority of the judge over binding evidence concerning civil and commercial matters is one of the most important topics that requires further research. Its significance lies in the fact that this authority requires the judge to search and investigate as carefully as possible to reach the truth considering it essence of a fair judgment. This essence does not show its face on its own. The judge is the public official responsible for revealing the truth. For achieving this goal, judges are given considerable discretion; whither it is wide or narrow. Judges cannot decide on any case at hand before assessing the facts and proceedings of the evidence and understanding their significance. They also have to experience the emotional incidents of each case themselves to finally obtain a real conviction for them. Thus, absence of adequate discretionary authority means absence of the entire judicial authority. This study investigates the extent of the judge’s discretionary authority over binding evidence concerning civil and commercial matters. It is divided into two main chapters: the first one is dedicated to explaining the binding evidence with inconclusive authenticity (Such as written evidence, judicial notice and inconclusive legal presumptions). The second chapter of the present study includes an illustration of the binding evidence with conclusive authenticity (such as the decisive oath, the conclusive legal presumptions and the res judicata). The study at hand aims primarily at demonstrating the role of the judge in each type of these evidences; given the fact that they are binding and that the latter believes this fact denies any discretionary authority over them. This demonstration is done through discussing and analyzing the legal texts regulating the issues related to the topic at hand in the Palestinian Law and other comparative laws. This study also suggests some texts or some amendments to be considered by the Palestinian legislator. These suggestions are all included in the results and recommendations’ chapter of the study. In order to present a clear picture of how wide the discretion of the judge over the evidences previously mentioned is, the researcher referred back to some comparative legal systems such as the Jordanian Law, the Egyptian Law, the Algerian Law as well as the French Law. The reason behind making all these efforts is that the judge’s discretion is the authority on which all his work of passing judgments on the cases at hand in courts is based.
The discretionary authority of the judge over binding evidence concerning civil and commercial matters is one of the most important topics that requires further research. Its significance lies in the fact that this authority requires the judge to search and investigate as carefully as possible to reach the truth considering it essence of a fair judgment. This essence does not show its face on its own. The judge is the public official responsible for revealing the truth. For achieving this goal, judges are given considerable discretion; whither it is wide or narrow. Judges cannot decide on any case at hand before assessing the facts and proceedings of the evidence and understanding their significance. They also have to experience the emotional incidents of each case themselves to finally obtain a real conviction for them. Thus, absence of adequate discretionary authority means absence of the entire judicial authority. This study investigates the extent of the judge’s discretionary authority over binding evidence concerning civil and commercial matters. It is divided into two main chapters: the first one is dedicated to explaining the binding evidence with inconclusive authenticity (Such as written evidence, judicial notice and inconclusive legal presumptions). The second chapter of the present study includes an illustration of the binding evidence with conclusive authenticity (such as the decisive oath, the conclusive legal presumptions and the res judicata). The study at hand aims primarily at demonstrating the role of the judge in each type of these evidences; given the fact that they are binding and that the latter believes this fact denies any discretionary authority over them. This demonstration is done through discussing and analyzing the legal texts regulating the issues related to the topic at hand in the Palestinian Law and other comparative laws. This study also suggests some texts or some amendments to be considered by the Palestinian legislator. These suggestions are all included in the results and recommendations’ chapter of the study. In order to present a clear picture of how wide the discretion of the judge over the evidences previously mentioned is, the researcher referred back to some comparative legal systems such as the Jordanian Law, the Egyptian Law, the Algerian Law as well as the French Law. The reason behind making all these efforts is that the judge’s discretion is the authority on which all his work of passing judgments on the cases at hand in courts is based.
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Citation
المشني، أصالة عوني. (2023). سلطة القاضي التقديرية في الأدلة الملزمة في المواد المدنية والتجارية [رسالة
ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس. https://arab-
scholars.com/41d045