HORMONAL RESPONSES TO GENDERED BEHAVIOR IN PALESTINIAN WOMEN: A CROSS-CULTURAL EXAMINATION OF TESTOSTERONE

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dc.contributor.authorHiba Sulibe
dc.contributor.authorRahaf Al-Shakhra
dc.contributor.authorRaed Shaheen
dc.contributor.authorShorouq Al-Shaer
dc.contributor.authorBaydaa Qazzaz
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-15T05:54:40Z
dc.date.available2026-09-15T05:54:40Z
dc.date.issued2026-05-12
dc.description.abstractBackground: Testosterone is a key hormone influencing various biological and behavioral processes in both men and women. In women, it is primarily produced by the ovaries and adrenal glands and plays a critical role in regulating sexual desire, muscle mass, mood, and skin health. Its levels are affected by environmental, social, behavioral, genetic, and health-related factors. Work-related conditions, including stress, competition, and non-traditional gender roles, may also impact hormonal balance. In the Palestinian context, where cultural and social norms strongly shape women’s roles in society and the labor market, understanding the relationship between occupational status and testosterone provides insights into potential effects on physical, psychological, and dermatological health. Objectives: This study aimed to (1) assess the correlation between testosterone levels and assertive behavior in Palestinian women, (2) explore the link between feminist attitudes and personal behavioral traits, and (3) examine whether elevated testosterone is associated with a lower femininity index. Methods: A quantitative descriptive-comparative design was employed, involving 169 Palestinian women aged 18–45 years. Participants were randomly selected from healthcare, education, office work, freelance, and non-working sectors. Data collection occurred between May 22 and June 8, 2025. Participants were categorized into working and non-working groups to assess testosterone levels and related variables. Blood samples (3 cc) were collected between 8–11 AM in plain and heparin tubes. Serum was separated and analyzed at the Palestinian Red Crescent Hospital, Hebron. Data were analyzed using R software with descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Chi-square, and Pearson’s correlation. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.alquds.edu/handle/20.500.12213/10805
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherDeanship of Scientific Research - Al-Quds University
dc.titleHORMONAL RESPONSES TO GENDERED BEHAVIOR IN PALESTINIAN WOMEN: A CROSS-CULTURAL EXAMINATION OF TESTOSTERONE
dc.typeArticle
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