المسؤولية المدنية المترتبة عن لقاح كورونا
Date
2023-08-29
Authors
جنا عادل مصطفى دوده
Jana Adel Mostafa Dawadeh
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تناولت الدراسة بالبحث موضوع المسؤولية المدنية المترتبة عن لقاح كورونا، بالنظر إلى التشريعات المدنية الناظمة لهذا الموضوع للتعرف على الأحكام الناظمة للمسؤولية الناتجة لمنتجي اللقاحات، وتناول أقسام اللقاحات بشقيها الاختياري والإجباري، في ظل الإنتشار الواسع لفايروس كورونا أو ما يطلق عليه كوفيد 19 والذي بدأ من مدينة أوهان الصينية في نهاية عام 2019 وقيام منظمة الصحة العالمية باعتباره وباء عالمياً بتاريخ 11 اذار 2020.
وتسبب هذا الوباء بأضرار كبيرة للمواطنين وللدول من خلال اتخاذ إجراءات وقائية تمثلت بإغلاق المعابر الحدودية والمطارات وامتدت إلى إغلاق المصانع والشركات ومؤسسات الدولة، وفرض الإقامة الجبرية بالمنازل للحد من انتشار هذا الوباء من خلال إعلان حالة الطوارئ في الدولة، الأمر الذي دفع الدول إلى البحث عن وسائل علاجية وطعوم لمواجهة هذا الوباء، حيث أن التشريعات الوطنية في جميع دول العالم ومن ضمنها المشرع الفلسطيني الذي أسند لوزارة الصحة بموجب المادة السادسة من قانون الصحة العامة الفلسطيني رقم 20 لسنة 2004القيام بوضع برامج للتطعيم الوقائي والقيام بتنفيذه، الامر الذي يوجب على الوزارة مباشرة إجراءات التطعيم ضد الأوبئة المنتشرة.
وفي ظل البدء باكتشاف لقاحات وطعوم من قبل كبرى شركات الأدوية في العالم لمواجهة هذه الآفة أثير جدل الفقهي في رد المسؤولية المدنية عن الأضرار المترتبة على لقاح كورونا المشرع الفلسطيني خرج عن القواعد العامة في تنظيم المسؤولية المدنية عن أضرار لقاحات كورونا وحمل الدولة بموجب القرار بقانون رقم 11 لسنة 2021 بشأن تنظيم المنتجات الطبية لمكافحة فايروس ( كوفيد- 19 ) التعويض عن الأضرار المترتبة نتيجة لضغوطات من قبل الشركات المنتجة، وأورد استثناءات في المادة الرابعة من ذات القرار بقانون لا ترتب أي مسؤولية القانونية تجاه الدولة وتتمثل بسوء السلوك القصدي او مخالفة شروط الاتفاقية الموقعة مع الوزارة، حيث ان تحمل الدولة للتعويض جاء كمتطلب من قبل الشركات المنتجة للقاحات لحمايتها من المسؤولية القانونية المترتبة عليها وربطت التعاون مع الدول وبيع اللقاحات بوجود قوانين، لكون تصنيع اللقاحات قد تنطوي على عدة مخاطر أو حتى أضرار يمكن أن تلحق بالأفراد الذين تلقوا تلك اللقاحات وذلك نتيجة لوجود عيب أثناء تصنيعها، الأمر الذي دفع المشرع الفلسطيني إلى إصدار القرار بقانون رقم 11 لسنة 2021 بخصوص تنظيم المنتجات الطبية لمكافحة فايروس كورونا والتي تتضمن اللقاحات التي تواجه لقاح كورونا، والذي حمل الدولة بموجبه التعويض عن الأضرار المترتبة نتيجة الضغوطات من قبل الشركات المنتجة .
وتحميل الدولة مسؤولية التعويض يترتب أضرار مادية كبيرة كونه يتسبب بإهدار المال العام، وفي المقابل زيادة أرباح الشركات المنتجة الأمر الذي يتطلب ضرورة إقرار مشروع القانون المدني الفلسطيني بموجب الصلاحيات الاستثنائية لرئيس دولة فلسطين بموجب نص المادة 43 من القانون الأساسي الفلسطيني لتنظيم القواعد المدنية المنظورة أمام المحاكم الفلسطينية في ظل تطبيق مجلة الأحكام العدلية وقانون المخالفات المدنية، ويتطلب أيضاً ضرورة إلغاء القرار بقانون رقم 11 لسنة 2021 بشأن تنظيم المنتجات الطبية لمكافحة فايروس كورونا، حيث أنه لا يجوز الإمتثال لشروط الشركات المنتجة للقاحات كورونا على حساب موازنة الدولة، ويتطلب أيضاً صياغة مشروع قانون لتنظيم المنتجات الطبية بما بها اللقاحات يصلح لجميع أشكال المنتجات الطبية ويراعي خصوصية الوضع الفلسطيني، بحيث لا يتم إقرار قانون خاص بكل وباء مثل القرار بقانون رقم 11 لسنة 2021.
The study dealt with the issue of civil liability resulting from the Corona vaccine, by following the comparative analytical descriptive approach, in view of the civil legislation governing this subject, in addition to the comparative legislation and jurisprudence in several countries, including the Jordanian legislation, and this study aimed to clarify what is meant by the vaccine. It also aims to identify the types of civil liability and to know the position of the Palestinian legislator on the civil liability resulting from the Corona vaccine, and to clarify the basis of civil liability for the damage resulting from the Corona vaccine, The problem of the study centered on addressing the extent to which Palestinian citizens enjoy the right to claim compensation in the event of civil liability on the relevant authorities, as a result of forcing citizens to receive the Corona vaccine in light of Palestinian legislation and international agreements, and the extent to which Palestine is compatible with these legal texts? . Where the study was divided into two chapters; The first chapter titled the substantive framework for civil liability for the risks of the Corona vaccine, and was divided into two sections. In the first topic, the nature of civil liability and the Corona vaccine was addressed by addressing what is meant by vaccines, their types, and the legal basis for vaccines. As for the second topic of the same chapter, it dealt with the subject of the nature of the obligation of the party that undertakes vaccination and the nature of emerging civil liability, and included the nature of the commitment of the party that undertakes vaccination. To the nature of civil liability in the field of vaccination, In the second chapter, I dealt with a title related to the basis of civil liability for damage resulting from the Corona vaccine, and the first topic of the same chapter dealt with the legal position in rooting civil liability for damages resulting from the Corona vaccine and the jurisprudential controversy in responding to civil liability for damages resulting from the Corona vaccine. While the second topic dealt with the implications of civil liability for the damages caused by the Corona vaccine by dealing with the assessment of compensation resulting from the Corona vaccine, the role of the state in compensating for the damages resulting from compulsory vaccination. At the end of this study, the researcher reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is that the Corona epidemic is considered a very dangerous disease that is characterized by its rapid spread, and the distributed vaccine is an incomplete vaccine that is subject to practical experiments and may have negative effects that lead to the lives of those infected with the Corona epidemic, in addition to that The civil liability for Corona vaccines is achieved in the event that damage is achieved in contractual liability or civil liability. The injured person does not deserve compensation twice, and his entitlement is only once We also conclude that the Palestinian legislator deviated from the general rules in regulating civil liability for the damages of Corona vaccines and charged the state, according to Decree-Law No. 11 of 2021 regarding the regulation of medical products to combat the virus (Covid-19), to compensate for the damages incurred as a result of pressure from the producing companies, The researcher also reached a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need to approve the draft Palestinian civil law under the exceptional powers of the President of the State of Palestine according to the text of Article 43 of the Palestinian Basic Law. It is not permissible to comply with the conditions of companies producing Corona vaccines at the expense of the state budget, in addition to that it recommended the Palestinian legislator to work on drafting a draft law to regulate medical products, including vaccines, that is suitable for all forms of medical products and takes into account the specificity of the Palestinian situation, so that a law is not approved for every epidemic such as the decision By Law No. 11 of 2021
The study dealt with the issue of civil liability resulting from the Corona vaccine, by following the comparative analytical descriptive approach, in view of the civil legislation governing this subject, in addition to the comparative legislation and jurisprudence in several countries, including the Jordanian legislation, and this study aimed to clarify what is meant by the vaccine. It also aims to identify the types of civil liability and to know the position of the Palestinian legislator on the civil liability resulting from the Corona vaccine, and to clarify the basis of civil liability for the damage resulting from the Corona vaccine, The problem of the study centered on addressing the extent to which Palestinian citizens enjoy the right to claim compensation in the event of civil liability on the relevant authorities, as a result of forcing citizens to receive the Corona vaccine in light of Palestinian legislation and international agreements, and the extent to which Palestine is compatible with these legal texts? . Where the study was divided into two chapters; The first chapter titled the substantive framework for civil liability for the risks of the Corona vaccine, and was divided into two sections. In the first topic, the nature of civil liability and the Corona vaccine was addressed by addressing what is meant by vaccines, their types, and the legal basis for vaccines. As for the second topic of the same chapter, it dealt with the subject of the nature of the obligation of the party that undertakes vaccination and the nature of emerging civil liability, and included the nature of the commitment of the party that undertakes vaccination. To the nature of civil liability in the field of vaccination, In the second chapter, I dealt with a title related to the basis of civil liability for damage resulting from the Corona vaccine, and the first topic of the same chapter dealt with the legal position in rooting civil liability for damages resulting from the Corona vaccine and the jurisprudential controversy in responding to civil liability for damages resulting from the Corona vaccine. While the second topic dealt with the implications of civil liability for the damages caused by the Corona vaccine by dealing with the assessment of compensation resulting from the Corona vaccine, the role of the state in compensating for the damages resulting from compulsory vaccination. At the end of this study, the researcher reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is that the Corona epidemic is considered a very dangerous disease that is characterized by its rapid spread, and the distributed vaccine is an incomplete vaccine that is subject to practical experiments and may have negative effects that lead to the lives of those infected with the Corona epidemic, in addition to that The civil liability for Corona vaccines is achieved in the event that damage is achieved in contractual liability or civil liability. The injured person does not deserve compensation twice, and his entitlement is only once We also conclude that the Palestinian legislator deviated from the general rules in regulating civil liability for the damages of Corona vaccines and charged the state, according to Decree-Law No. 11 of 2021 regarding the regulation of medical products to combat the virus (Covid-19), to compensate for the damages incurred as a result of pressure from the producing companies, The researcher also reached a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need to approve the draft Palestinian civil law under the exceptional powers of the President of the State of Palestine according to the text of Article 43 of the Palestinian Basic Law. It is not permissible to comply with the conditions of companies producing Corona vaccines at the expense of the state budget, in addition to that it recommended the Palestinian legislator to work on drafting a draft law to regulate medical products, including vaccines, that is suitable for all forms of medical products and takes into account the specificity of the Palestinian situation, so that a law is not approved for every epidemic such as the decision By Law No. 11 of 2021
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Citation
دوده، جنا عادل. (2023). المسؤولية المدنية المترتبة عن لقاح كورونا [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس،
فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس. https://arab-scholars.com/cb8086