"الجرائم الاسرائيليّة بِحَقِّ أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء الفِلَسْطِينيّينَ وانعكاساتها النَّفْسِيّة والاجتماعيّة من وُجْهَة نظرهم"
Date
2024-12-04
Authors
ملاك ناصر فواز عايد
Malak Naser Fawaz Ayed
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هدفت الدِّرَاسَة إلى التَّعرُّف على واقع الجرائم الَّتي تمارسها إسرائيل بِحَقِّ أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء الفِلَسْطِينيّينَ وانعكاساتها النَّفْسِيّة والاجتماعيّة من وُجْهَة نظرهم؛ ومن أجل تحقيق هَدَفِ الدِّرَاسَة، تمّ استخدام المنهج الوصفيِّ بشقِّه الكمِّيِّ، وذلك من خلال استخدام أداة الاستبانة الَّتي تم تصميمُها؛ لجمع البيانات من عَيِّنَة الدِّرَاسَة الَّتي بلغت (115) فردً من أفراد أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء الفِلَسْطِينيّينَ في محافظتي أريحا والأغْوَار ورام الله والبيرة حسب إحْصَاءَات (هيئة أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء، 2024)، حيث تمّ اختيارهم بطريقة العَيِّنَة القصدية المتيسِّرة (المُتاحة)، كما وتمّ استخدام منهج تحليل المضمون من خلال الرجوع إلى مجموعة من الدِّرَاسَات السَّابقة وبعض الكتب والمجلات ذات العَلَاقَة بالموضوع، إِضَافَة إلى إحْصَاءَات الجرائم الاسرائيليّة المُرتكبة بِحَقِّ الشَّعْب الفِلَسْطِينيّ المُشار لها في المصادر الرسميّة الفلسطينيّة، حيث تمّ إجراء مسح شامل للمكتبات الورقيّة والإلكترونيّة؛ من أجل الحصول على كلِّ الدِّرَاسَات العِلْمِيَّة الَّتي يمكن الاستفادة منها؛ بهدف وضع الأسُسِ العِلْمِيَّة والإطار النَّظريّ والنَّظريّات العِلْمِيَّة المطلوبة المفسِّرَة للدِّرَاسة.
توصَّلَت الدِّرَاسَة إلى مجموعة من النَّتَائج ، لعلَّ مِنْ أهَمِّهَا أنَّ أكثر الجرائم الاسرائيليّة الَّتي يرتكبها الاحتلال الاسرائيليّ بِحَقِّ أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء في محافظتي أريحا والأغْوَار ورام الله والبيرة كانت جريمة احتجاز جثامين الشُّهَدَاء (حرمان الأُسَر من حقِّها في دفن الشَّهِيد/ة) حيث حصلت على نسبة مئويّة (74.6%) يليها جريمة تدمير الممتلكات (هدم البيت، تجريف الأراضي) الخاصَّة بأُسَر الشُّهَدَاء الَّتي حصلت على نسبة مئويّة (72.8%)، في حين تبيَّن أن مقاطعة كلِّ ما هو إسرائيليّ (محليّا، دَوْليًّا) وتنظيم (الفعاليَّات، التَّظاهرات) الدَّاعمة لأُسَر الشُّهَدَاء في مختلف المناطق الفلسطينيّة، تُعدُّ مِنْ أكثر الوسائل الَّتي ساهمت في تعزيز أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء في مواجهة الجرائم الاسرائيليّة، وأمَّا فيما يخصُّ أكثر الانعكاسات النَّفْسِيّة لجرائم الاحتلال الاسرائيليّ على أفراد أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء الفِلَسْطِينيّينَ في محافظتي أريحا والأغْوَار، ورام الله والبيرة شعورهم بالكراهيّة ضد الأنظمة المُؤَيِّدَة للاحتلال، حيث حصلت على نسبة مئويّة (%94.2)، إِضَافَة إلى فقدانهم الثِّقَة بعمليَّة السَّلام الَّتي حصلت على نسبة مئويّة (%90.0)، وأكثر الانعكاسات الاجتماعيّة عدم القدرة على التَّفَاعُل الاجتماعيّ حيث حصلت على نسبة مئويّة (%54.6)،إِضَافَة إلى العزلة الاجتماعيّة الَّتي حصلت على نسبة مئويّة ( 54.4%).
وعليه أوصت الدِّرَاسَة مجموعةً من التَّوْصِيَات، لعلَّ مِنْ أهَمِّهَا ضرورة تركيز الجهود الاعلاميّة المحليّة والاقليميّة والدوليّة على فضح جرائم الاحتلال، وبِشَكْلٍ خاص جرائم احتجاز جثامين الشُّهَدَاء، وتدمير الممتلكات والمنازل وتجريف الأراضي باعتباره انتهاكا للقوانين الانسانيّة والدوليّة، وضرورة تقديم الدَّعْم النَّفْسِيّ لأُسَر الشُّهَدَاء، والاهتمام بهم؛ لتجاوزهم أعراض ما بعد الصَّدْمة؛ بسبب استشهاد أحد أبنائِهم، وإعداد برامجَ علاجيّة نفسيّة مخصِّصَةٍ للرِّعايَةِ النَّفْسِيّة لهم من قبل كوادر متخصصة، على ان تكون هذه البرامج مخصصة لهم وبشكل دائم ومستمر وممولة من الحكومة الفلسطينيّة بالتنسيق مع مؤسسات عربيّة ودوليّة ذات علاقة، وضرورة توجُّه المؤسَّسَات الرسميّة الفلسطينيّة لدعم الدِّعاية الخارجيّة الفاضحة لجرائم الاحتلال وتكثيفها، الَّتي تنتهك من خلالها القوانين الانسانيّة والدوليّة، وعرضها على الشُّعُوب الأخرى؛ لتشكيل ضغوطاتٍ خارجيَّة تحدُّ من ارتكابها، وضرورة وضع استراتيجيّات حزبيّة وشعبيّة وحكوميّة تقوم على تعزيز أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء، من خلال تكثيف حملات المقاطعة الشعبيّة للمنتجات والخدمات الاسرائيليّة، وإقرار القوانين الَّتي تحدُّ من تداولها في الأراضي الفلسطينيّة، وتنظيم الفعاليَّات المبادرات الوَطَنيَّة والشعبيّة، الَّتي تقوم على دعم أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء بمجالات مختلفة ومتعدِّدَة، اضافة الى ضرورة العمل من قبل الحكومة الفلسطينيّة ومؤسسات حقوق الانسان على انشاء جمعيات مخصصة لدعم اسر الشهداء وتمكينهم (اقتصادياً، اجتماعياً، صحياً، تعليمياً، نفسياً، سياسياً) على المدة البعيد، لضمان حياة كريمة لهم تحديداً في حال كان الشهيد هو معيل الأسرة.
The study aimed to identify the reality of the crimes practiced by Israel against the families of Palestinian martyrs and their psychological and social implications from their point of view, and in order to achieve the objective of the study, the descriptive method was used in its quantitative aspect through the use of the questionnaire tool that was designed to collect data from the study sample, which amounted to (115) members of Palestinian martyrs' families in Jericho, Al-Aghwar, Ramallah and Al-Bireh governorates, according to the statistics (Martyrs' Families Commission, 2024), They were selected using the available purposive sample method, and a group of previous studies and some books and magazines related to the topic were also referred to in addition to a statistic. The study reached a set of results, the most important of them is that the most common Israeli crimes committed by the Israeli occupation against the families of martyrs in the governorates of Jericho, Al-Aghwar and Ramallah and Al-Bireh were the crime of withholding the bodies of martyrs (depriving families of their right to bury the martyr), which obtained a percentage (74.6%), followed by the crime of destruction of property (house demolition, land bulldozing) of martyrs' families, which obtained a percentage (72.8%). It was found that boycotting eve-rything that is Israeli (locally and internationally) and organizing (events, demonstrations) in support of martyrs' families in various Palestinian regions is considered one of the most im-portant means that contributed to strengthening martyrs' families in the face of Israeli crimes. As for the most psychological repercussions of the Israeli occupation crimes on members of Palestinian martyrs' families in Jericho and Ramallah governorates, they felt hatred against regimes that support the occupation, with a percentage of (94.2%). in addition to their loss of confidence in the peace process (90.0%), and the most common social repercussions are the inability to interact socially (54.6%), in addition to social isolation (54.4%). Therefore, the study recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of them are the need to focus local, regional and international media efforts on exposing the crimes of the occupation, especially the crimes of withholding the bodies of martyrs, destroying property and homes and bulldozing lands as a violation of humanitarian and international laws, the need to provide psychological support to the families of martyrs and pay attention to them to overcome post-traumatic symptoms due to the martyrdom of one of their sons, Preparing psy-chological treatment programs dedicated to psychological care for them by specialized cadres, provided that these programs are dedicated to them on a permanent and continuous basis and funded by the Palestinian government in coordination with relevant Arab and international institutions, and the Palestinian official institutions to support and increase foreign publicity exposing the crimes committed by the occupation and violating humanitarian and internation-al laws and norms and present them to other nations to create external pressures that limit their commitment, and The need to develop partisan, popular and governmental strategies based on strengthening the families of martyrs by intensifying popular boycott campaigns against Israeli products and services, passing laws that limit their circulation in the Palestinian territories, and organizing national and popular events and activities that support the families of martyrs in various fields, In addition to the need for work by the Palestinian government and human rights institutions to establish associations dedicated to supporting the families of martyrs and empowering them (economically, socially, health-wise, educationally, psychologi-cally, politically) in the long term, to ensure a decent life for them, specifically in the event that the martyr is the breadwinner for the family.
The study aimed to identify the reality of the crimes practiced by Israel against the families of Palestinian martyrs and their psychological and social implications from their point of view, and in order to achieve the objective of the study, the descriptive method was used in its quantitative aspect through the use of the questionnaire tool that was designed to collect data from the study sample, which amounted to (115) members of Palestinian martyrs' families in Jericho, Al-Aghwar, Ramallah and Al-Bireh governorates, according to the statistics (Martyrs' Families Commission, 2024), They were selected using the available purposive sample method, and a group of previous studies and some books and magazines related to the topic were also referred to in addition to a statistic. The study reached a set of results, the most important of them is that the most common Israeli crimes committed by the Israeli occupation against the families of martyrs in the governorates of Jericho, Al-Aghwar and Ramallah and Al-Bireh were the crime of withholding the bodies of martyrs (depriving families of their right to bury the martyr), which obtained a percentage (74.6%), followed by the crime of destruction of property (house demolition, land bulldozing) of martyrs' families, which obtained a percentage (72.8%). It was found that boycotting eve-rything that is Israeli (locally and internationally) and organizing (events, demonstrations) in support of martyrs' families in various Palestinian regions is considered one of the most im-portant means that contributed to strengthening martyrs' families in the face of Israeli crimes. As for the most psychological repercussions of the Israeli occupation crimes on members of Palestinian martyrs' families in Jericho and Ramallah governorates, they felt hatred against regimes that support the occupation, with a percentage of (94.2%). in addition to their loss of confidence in the peace process (90.0%), and the most common social repercussions are the inability to interact socially (54.6%), in addition to social isolation (54.4%). Therefore, the study recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of them are the need to focus local, regional and international media efforts on exposing the crimes of the occupation, especially the crimes of withholding the bodies of martyrs, destroying property and homes and bulldozing lands as a violation of humanitarian and international laws, the need to provide psychological support to the families of martyrs and pay attention to them to overcome post-traumatic symptoms due to the martyrdom of one of their sons, Preparing psy-chological treatment programs dedicated to psychological care for them by specialized cadres, provided that these programs are dedicated to them on a permanent and continuous basis and funded by the Palestinian government in coordination with relevant Arab and international institutions, and the Palestinian official institutions to support and increase foreign publicity exposing the crimes committed by the occupation and violating humanitarian and internation-al laws and norms and present them to other nations to create external pressures that limit their commitment, and The need to develop partisan, popular and governmental strategies based on strengthening the families of martyrs by intensifying popular boycott campaigns against Israeli products and services, passing laws that limit their circulation in the Palestinian territories, and organizing national and popular events and activities that support the families of martyrs in various fields, In addition to the need for work by the Palestinian government and human rights institutions to establish associations dedicated to supporting the families of martyrs and empowering them (economically, socially, health-wise, educationally, psychologi-cally, politically) in the long term, to ensure a decent life for them, specifically in the event that the martyr is the breadwinner for the family.
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Citation
عايد، ملاك ناصر. (2024). "الجرائم الاسرائيليّة بِحَقِّ أُسَر الشُّهَدَاء الفِلَسْطِينيّينَ وانعكاساتها النَّفْسِيّة والاجتماعيّة من وُجْهَة نظرهم" [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس.