سياسة القنصليات الغربية في تكريس الوجود الصهيوني- اليهودي في القدس/ دراسة تحليلية تاريخية (1948-1838)
Date
2023-05-09
Authors
هيثم خليل محمد تفكجي
Haytham Khalil Mohammad Tafakji
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هدفت الدراسة إلى إبراز دور القنصليات الغربية في تكريس الوجود اليهودي في مدينة القدس بين الأعوام (1838-1948م). ونبعت أهمية الدراسة من كونها تؤصل لدور القنصليات كإحدى الأدوات الهامة في تنفيذ السياسة الصهيونية في القدس. وقد سعت الدراسة للإجابة عن إشكالية البحث الرئيسة المتمثلة بالسؤال التالي: ما هي المواقف والأدوار التي لعبتها القنصليات الغربية في تكريس الوجود اليهودي في القدس منذ 1838-1948م؟ ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحث المنهج التاريخي الذي يساعد على نقل الوقائع التاريخية، وتناول الشواهد والأحداث التي حدثت خلال الفترة الزمنية للبحث في فهم الظروف والأحداث السياسية المعاصرة، وكذلك المنهج الوصفي، حيث تم وصف دور القنصليات الغربية في تنفيذ سياسة تكريس الوجود اليهودي في القدس، وإبراز أدواتها وأساليبها في ذلك، كما استخدم الباحث المنهج التحليلي عبر تحليل المعلومات، التي تم استخراجها، وتوضيح الارتباطات بينها وما ينتج عنها من مظاهر ونتائج.
وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى نتيجة مهمة مفادها، أنه كان للقنصليات الأجنبية في مدينة القدس منذ 1838 وحتى 1948م دورٌ في دعم الجاليات اليهودية في البداية، ومن ثم الحركة الصهيونية، ولاحقا في إقامة الدولة اليهودية، كل ذلك من خلال تجاوز الإجراءات العثمانية الخاصة بالهجرة اليهودية إلى أرض فلسطين، والإقامة في مدينة القدس، وكذلك في بيع الأراضي وتسريبها؛ وقد تنافس قناصل الدول الأوروبية في بسط الحماية على اليهود وتبعيتهم لدولهم، من حيث تسهيل الإقامة والاستيطان في مدينة القدس، خلال الفترتين العثمانية والانتداب البريطاني. وأوصت الدراسة بإجراء مزيد من الدراسات التي تتناول فترات لم يتم تغطيتها وبخاصة بعد عام 1948م.
The study aimed to highlight the role of Western Consulates in consolidating the Jewish presence in Jerusalem between the years (1838-1948). The importance of the study stemmed from the fact that brings the role of Consulates back to its roots as one of the important tools in implementing the Zionist policy in Jerusalem. The study sought to answer the main problem of the research, which is the following question: What are the positions and roles played by Western Consulates in consolidating the Jewish presence in Jerusalem since 1838-1948? To achieve the objectives of the study, he researcher used in his study the historical method, which helps to convey historical facts, and to address the evidence and events that occurred during a period of time in understanding contemporary political conditions and events, as well as the descriptive approach, where the role of Western Consulates in implementing the policy of consecrating the Jewish presence in Jerusalem was described, and highlighting their tools and methods in that, and the researcher also used the analytical method by analyzing the information that was extracted, and clarifying the links between them and the resulting manifestations and results. The study concluded that from 1838 to 1948, foreign Consulates in Jerusalem had a role in supporting Jewish communities in the beginning, then the Zionist movement, and later in establishing the Jewish state, all by bypassing the Ottoman procedures for Jewish immigration to the land of Palestine, and residence in the city of Jerusalem, as well as in the sale and diversion of land, and facilitation of residence in Jerusalem, during the Ottoman and Mandate periods. The study recommended further studies of periods not covered, particularly after 1948
The study aimed to highlight the role of Western Consulates in consolidating the Jewish presence in Jerusalem between the years (1838-1948). The importance of the study stemmed from the fact that brings the role of Consulates back to its roots as one of the important tools in implementing the Zionist policy in Jerusalem. The study sought to answer the main problem of the research, which is the following question: What are the positions and roles played by Western Consulates in consolidating the Jewish presence in Jerusalem since 1838-1948? To achieve the objectives of the study, he researcher used in his study the historical method, which helps to convey historical facts, and to address the evidence and events that occurred during a period of time in understanding contemporary political conditions and events, as well as the descriptive approach, where the role of Western Consulates in implementing the policy of consecrating the Jewish presence in Jerusalem was described, and highlighting their tools and methods in that, and the researcher also used the analytical method by analyzing the information that was extracted, and clarifying the links between them and the resulting manifestations and results. The study concluded that from 1838 to 1948, foreign Consulates in Jerusalem had a role in supporting Jewish communities in the beginning, then the Zionist movement, and later in establishing the Jewish state, all by bypassing the Ottoman procedures for Jewish immigration to the land of Palestine, and residence in the city of Jerusalem, as well as in the sale and diversion of land, and facilitation of residence in Jerusalem, during the Ottoman and Mandate periods. The study recommended further studies of periods not covered, particularly after 1948