تغير الخطر وأثره على عقد التأمين
Date
2022-06-08
Authors
شيرين عايد يوسف فقوسه
Shereen Aied Yousef Faqouse
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تناولت دراسة الباحث تغير الخطر وأثره على عقد التأمين، وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على ماهية الخطر وذلك من خلال مفهوم الخطر وشروطه وأنواعه، وكذلك صور تغير الخطر والآثار المترتبة على هذا التغير.
وأهمية هذه الدراسة تكمن في الوقوف على النصوص القانونية التي تتعلق بالخطر، وكيف نظم المشرع الفلسطيني الآثار التي تترتب على تغير الخطر، والبحث في أوجه القصور الواردة في التشريع الفلسطيني والخروج بتعديلات ومقترحات من أجل النهوض بالنظام القانوني الفلسطيني.
وتتلخص مشكلة الدراسة أنه و خلال سريان عقد التأمين هناك ظروف تطرأ على الخطر المؤمن منه، ولا تخلو هذه الظروف من إحدى الاحتمالات التالية: فهي إما أن تؤدي إلى تفاقمه، أو تناقصه، أو زواله، فهل تم تنظيم هذه الاحتمالات جلها في قانون التأمين الفلسطيني، وماذا عن التشريعات المقارنة؟
واعتمد الباحث في دراسته على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وذلك من خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية التي تتعلق بالخطر وفق أحكام قانون التأمين الفلسطيني رقم 20 لسنة 2005 مع الاستعانة بنصوص قوانين بعض الدول كالأردن وتونس( مجلة التأمين التونسية).
وقام الباحث بتقسيم الدراسة الى فصلين رئيسيين، بحث فيهما بعض الجوانب التي تتعلق بالخطر، خاصة فيما يتعلق بتغير الخطر في قانون التأمين الفلسطيني، ثم تلا ذلك خاتمة والتي تضمنت أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث، حيث أنه على الرغم من أن المشرع الفلسطيني قام بتنظيم ومعالجة بعض جوانب هذا الموضوع إلا أنه مازال يعتري قانون التأمين الفلسطيني النقص في بعض الأمور، وكذلك توصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من التوصيات والتي كان من أهمها التوصية بضرورة وجود نصوص قانونية تتعلق بنقصان الخطر لمصلحة المؤمن له.
This study demonstrates the impact of risk change on the insurance contract, and this study aims to recognize the risk throughout understanding types of risks, terms and conditions, in addition to the concept of risk, as well as the different shapes as a result of these change and what are the consequences, where most concerns should focus on legal terms related to the risk itself and how the Palestinian legislature managed the impact of risk change. Which no doubt will highlight the deficiencies in Palestinian legal institutions. This process will come up with suggestions and amendments required to enhance the Palestinian legal system. The main issue here if the insured is obligated to notify the insurer in case the risk is diminished, especially notifying the insured of this risk decrement is in the interest of the insured himself. One more issue, what will be the status of insurance agreement after the risk is diminished? This research study adapted the analytical descriptive approach, where all risk relevant legal terms and texts were subject to this approach in accordance to Palestinian Insurance Law No. 20/2005 supported by similar terms from other country’s law e.g. Jordan and Tunisia (The Tunisian Insurance Journal). The researcher has divided this paper into two main articles where he has highlighted issues related to the risk and risk change in Palestinian Law in one hand and in another hand he has concluded the findings of his research and confirmed that, although the Palestinian legislator had organized and addressed some aspects of this issue, the Palestinian insurance law was still experiencing a deficiency in some areas, and finally the researcher stated the necessary recommendations, mostly identifying the importance of inserting legal terms in the interest of the insured wherever risk is diminished.
This study demonstrates the impact of risk change on the insurance contract, and this study aims to recognize the risk throughout understanding types of risks, terms and conditions, in addition to the concept of risk, as well as the different shapes as a result of these change and what are the consequences, where most concerns should focus on legal terms related to the risk itself and how the Palestinian legislature managed the impact of risk change. Which no doubt will highlight the deficiencies in Palestinian legal institutions. This process will come up with suggestions and amendments required to enhance the Palestinian legal system. The main issue here if the insured is obligated to notify the insurer in case the risk is diminished, especially notifying the insured of this risk decrement is in the interest of the insured himself. One more issue, what will be the status of insurance agreement after the risk is diminished? This research study adapted the analytical descriptive approach, where all risk relevant legal terms and texts were subject to this approach in accordance to Palestinian Insurance Law No. 20/2005 supported by similar terms from other country’s law e.g. Jordan and Tunisia (The Tunisian Insurance Journal). The researcher has divided this paper into two main articles where he has highlighted issues related to the risk and risk change in Palestinian Law in one hand and in another hand he has concluded the findings of his research and confirmed that, although the Palestinian legislator had organized and addressed some aspects of this issue, the Palestinian insurance law was still experiencing a deficiency in some areas, and finally the researcher stated the necessary recommendations, mostly identifying the importance of inserting legal terms in the interest of the insured wherever risk is diminished.