الاحتلال الايراني للجزر العربية الثلاث في الخليج العربي وأثرذلك على الأمن القومي لدول مجلس التعاون الخليجي
Date
2009-04-22
Authors
محمد خميس محمد دبابش
Muhammad Khamis Muhammad Dababish
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هدفت الدراسة بصورة جوهرية إلى تبيان تداعيات وتفاعلات قضية الاحتلال الإيراني للجزر العربية الثلاث وأثره على الأمن القومي لدول مجلس التعاون الخليجي، حيث كان لابد من الوصول لهذا الهدف تناول عدد من الموضوعات الواقعة في إطار الهدف الرئيس وتدخل ضمن أهداف الدراسة. A وتغطي منطقة الدراسة الجزر الثلاث والمنطقة المحيطة بها من دول الخليج العربي والذي يمثل امتداد فرعي للمحيط الهندي الذي يمثل أهمية استثنائية على السلم والأمن في العالم، ونظراً لشمولية البحث وتناوله لعدة جوانب، فقد تبنى الباحث المنهج التاريخي والوصفي والتحليلي. وأظهرت الدراسة النتائج التالية:
أن الادعاءات الإيرانية بملكية الجزر الثلاث مرتبطة بأطماعها التوسعية قديماً وحديثاً، للسيطرة على الخليج العربي وتحكمها فيه وأن قواعد ومبادئ القانون الدولي المتعلقة بالسيادة الإقليمية تمثل تدعيماً لموقف دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة وتفنيداً للحجج التي تسوقها إيران لتسوع احتلالها للجزر، وأن أسباب التوتر في منطقة الخليج لم يكن مصدرها فقط تدهور العلاقات الإيرانية مع دول مجلس التعاون، بل أن هناك أسباباً أخرى كان لها تأثيراتها كذلك على أمن الخليج واستقراره، وهو ما يتعلق في المشاكل الحدودية بين دول الخليج العربي.لقد قادت النزاعات السياسية في منطقة الخليج إلى تحول خطير على صعيد بداية الانسلاخ التدريجي لمجموعة الدول العربية في هذا الإقليم عن المحيط العربي العام، كما أنت حرب الخليج الثانية إلى إضعاف قدرات النظام العربي واضطر الخليج إلى الاستعانة بقدرات الولايات المتحدة والغرب وهذا ما أرادته الولايات المتحدة.وبقي ميراث الشك لدى العديد من دول الخليج تجاه إيران والذي كان بصورة جلية بعد انتهاء حرب الخليج الثانية من أن تلعب دوراً إقليمياً مسيطراً، ولا زالت تتبنى في المنطقة إستراتيجية المجال الحيوي التي ترى أنها تعطيها الهيمنة كما تبين أن إنفاق دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي الست تجاوز الإنفاق الأمني المحلي إلى تمويل أنشطة عسكرية على المستوى الإقليمي العام، الأمر الذي نتج عنه الانكشاف الاقتصادي في ظل اعتماد دول الخليج على مصدر دخلي وحيد هو البترول. إن أكثر دائرة تهديد مؤثرة على الأمن القومي الخليجي تتمثل في وضع السكان غير المتكافئ في معظم دول الخليج، وكذلك التركيب الديموغرافي، وتقوم الولايات المتحدة بابتزاز دول المجلس أمنياً وعسكرياً واقتصادياً والنتيجة أن المعادلة الأمنية في الخليج تعاني خللاً واضحاً لصالح الولايات المتحدة. وبعد نهاية حرب الخليج الثانية أصبح التحالف الخليجي الأمريكي أكثر علنية وانفتاحاً. وأخيراً لا يمكن صياغة أمن الخليج العربي وضمانه دون الربط العضوي بين أمن الخليج والأمن
القومي العربي وانتهت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات التأكيد على قرارات جامعة الدولة العربية والمنظمات الإقليمية الأخرى التي تؤكد على عروبة الجزر الثلاث وتبعيتها لسيادة دولة الإمارات العربية والتأكيد على أحكام مبادئ القانون الدولي فيما يتعلق بحل هذا النزاع وعرضه على محكمة العدل الدولية للفصل فيه. يجب تنويع مصادر الدخل في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي للمحافظة على الإنجازات الاقتصادية والعمل على بناء نظام تعاون أمني بين دول المنطقة دون أي تدخل أجنبي وأن يكون لإيران دور مهم في الترتيبات الأمنية للخليج، والابتعاد عن سياسة التحالفات مع القوى الخارجية لإبعاد المنطقة عن حالة الاستقطاب، وتحويل أمن الخليج العربي من أمن النظم السياسية إلى أمن المجتمعات، على أن يرتبط أمن الخليج بمشاركة شعبية واسعة من دول منطقة الخليج كافة في صنع القرار السياسي الأمر الذي سيكسب النظم السياسية في المنطقة شرعية أكبر وفاعلية أعظم. يجب تبني نموذج جديد لبناء أطر الثقة والأمن بين دول الخليج وتخفيف هذه المخاوف عن طريق الانتهاء من رسم الحدود الفاصلة بين كل منها، وإيجاد حل للمشكلات العالقة، وعمل اتفاقية الحد من التسلح واتفاقية أمنية لمنع انتشار أسلحة الدمار الشامل، مع تبنى دول المنطقة لسياسات تقوم على الانفراج السياسي محلياً وأن تكون هناك شبكة من العلاقات بين دول المنطقة تزيد من فرص التقارب وتدعم الخط الإيجابي وتكون خير ضمان من تردي العلاقات وتوترها بشكل مفاجئ، كما يحدث عادة في العلاقات الإقليمية.
Significantly, this study has aimed to illustrate the repercussions and interactions of the issue and the problem of the Iranian occupation of the three Arab Islands, and its different impacts on the national security of the states of the Gulf cooperation council. In order to reach this goal, it was necessary to discuss several subjects, that come in the framework of the main objective, and included in the goals of the study. The field of this study covers the three Islands, in addition to the surrounding area including the Arab Gulf states, which is a secondary extension to the Indian Ocean, that represents an exceptional importance on peace and security in the world. Due to the comprehensiveness of the research, which has discussed various aspects, the researcher has adopted a historical, descriptive, and analytical method. The following results have been revealed by this study:The Iranian allegations of its ownership to the three Islands, is linked to its expansionist aspirations previously and recently, to predominate and control the Arab Gulf.In fact, rules and principles of the international law regarding the regional supremacy supports the United Arab Emirate's stance, and refutes the allegations given by Iran to justify its occupation of these Islands.Actually, causes of tension in the Gulf region was not only resulted by the deterioration of the relations between Iran and the states of the Gulf cooperation council, but also there were some other causes which had its own effects on security and stability of the Gulf,especially with regard to the frontier problems among the states of Arab Gulf.The political conflicts in the Gulf region has led to a dangerous conversion at the level of the beginning of the gradual disengagement of the Arab states in his region from the general Arab area.Also, the second Gulf war has weakened the strength of the Arab regimes. As a result, the Gulf was obliged to resort to the West and the United States, and this is what the latter wanted. The legacy of suspension has remained among several Gulf States towards Iran, which was apparent after the end of the second Gulf war, for fear that Iran should play a regional prevailing role. So, these Gulf States still adopt the lebensraum strategy in the region,which they see that it gives them the supremacy.The expenditure of the six states of the Gulf cooperation council has exceeded the local security expenses to fund military activities at the general regional level, the matter which brought about the economic vulnerability in light of the dependence of the Gulf States on oil as their income.The most effective threat that influences the Gulf national security lies in the asymmetrical circumstances of residents in most of the Gulf States, in addition to the demographical structure.Currently, the United States embezzles the GCC states militarily, security, and economically. Therefore, the security equation in the Gulf suffers from a disgraceful defect in favor of the United States.After the end of the second Gulf war, the American Gulf alliance has become more public and open. It is unlikely to formulate and ensure the security of the Arab Gulf without an organic linkage between the security of the Gulf and the Arab national security.This study concluded a number of recommendations which are as follows:Reaffirming the resolutions of the Arab League and the other regional organizations, which focuses on the Arabism of the three Islands, and its subordination on the supremacy of the Arab United Emirates.Reaffirming also the rules and principles of the international law with regard to the settlement of this dispute and submitting it to the International court of Justice to be resolved.Sources of income in the states of the Gulf cooperation council should be diversified in order to maintain the economic achievements, and to construct a security cooperation among the states of the region without any foreign intervention. Also, Iran should have an important role in the security arrangement of the Gulf.To avoid the policy of alliances with foreign powers to keep the region away from the state of polarization, and to convert the security of the Arab Gulf from the security of the political systems to the security of societies, on condition that the security of the Gulf should be linked with a broad public participation from all the states in the Gulf region in the political decision making, the matter which will provide the political systems in the region more legitimacy and effectiveness.A new model should be adopted in order to enhance confidence and security among Gulf States, alleviate fears through ending the determination of the borderlines between each of them, and to find a solution for the difficult problems.Reaching an agreement of arms limitation, and another security agreement to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction. The states in the region should adopt policies that depend on the political openness. Also, a network of relations among the states in the region has to be available to increase the chances of affinity and to support the positive line and to be the best guarantee from the sudden deterioration and tension of relations as is the case usually in the regional relations.
Significantly, this study has aimed to illustrate the repercussions and interactions of the issue and the problem of the Iranian occupation of the three Arab Islands, and its different impacts on the national security of the states of the Gulf cooperation council. In order to reach this goal, it was necessary to discuss several subjects, that come in the framework of the main objective, and included in the goals of the study. The field of this study covers the three Islands, in addition to the surrounding area including the Arab Gulf states, which is a secondary extension to the Indian Ocean, that represents an exceptional importance on peace and security in the world. Due to the comprehensiveness of the research, which has discussed various aspects, the researcher has adopted a historical, descriptive, and analytical method. The following results have been revealed by this study:The Iranian allegations of its ownership to the three Islands, is linked to its expansionist aspirations previously and recently, to predominate and control the Arab Gulf.In fact, rules and principles of the international law regarding the regional supremacy supports the United Arab Emirate's stance, and refutes the allegations given by Iran to justify its occupation of these Islands.Actually, causes of tension in the Gulf region was not only resulted by the deterioration of the relations between Iran and the states of the Gulf cooperation council, but also there were some other causes which had its own effects on security and stability of the Gulf,especially with regard to the frontier problems among the states of Arab Gulf.The political conflicts in the Gulf region has led to a dangerous conversion at the level of the beginning of the gradual disengagement of the Arab states in his region from the general Arab area.Also, the second Gulf war has weakened the strength of the Arab regimes. As a result, the Gulf was obliged to resort to the West and the United States, and this is what the latter wanted. The legacy of suspension has remained among several Gulf States towards Iran, which was apparent after the end of the second Gulf war, for fear that Iran should play a regional prevailing role. So, these Gulf States still adopt the lebensraum strategy in the region,which they see that it gives them the supremacy.The expenditure of the six states of the Gulf cooperation council has exceeded the local security expenses to fund military activities at the general regional level, the matter which brought about the economic vulnerability in light of the dependence of the Gulf States on oil as their income.The most effective threat that influences the Gulf national security lies in the asymmetrical circumstances of residents in most of the Gulf States, in addition to the demographical structure.Currently, the United States embezzles the GCC states militarily, security, and economically. Therefore, the security equation in the Gulf suffers from a disgraceful defect in favor of the United States.After the end of the second Gulf war, the American Gulf alliance has become more public and open. It is unlikely to formulate and ensure the security of the Arab Gulf without an organic linkage between the security of the Gulf and the Arab national security.This study concluded a number of recommendations which are as follows:Reaffirming the resolutions of the Arab League and the other regional organizations, which focuses on the Arabism of the three Islands, and its subordination on the supremacy of the Arab United Emirates.Reaffirming also the rules and principles of the international law with regard to the settlement of this dispute and submitting it to the International court of Justice to be resolved.Sources of income in the states of the Gulf cooperation council should be diversified in order to maintain the economic achievements, and to construct a security cooperation among the states of the region without any foreign intervention. Also, Iran should have an important role in the security arrangement of the Gulf.To avoid the policy of alliances with foreign powers to keep the region away from the state of polarization, and to convert the security of the Arab Gulf from the security of the political systems to the security of societies, on condition that the security of the Gulf should be linked with a broad public participation from all the states in the Gulf region in the political decision making, the matter which will provide the political systems in the region more legitimacy and effectiveness.A new model should be adopted in order to enhance confidence and security among Gulf States, alleviate fears through ending the determination of the borderlines between each of them, and to find a solution for the difficult problems.Reaching an agreement of arms limitation, and another security agreement to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction. The states in the region should adopt policies that depend on the political openness. Also, a network of relations among the states in the region has to be available to increase the chances of affinity and to support the positive line and to be the best guarantee from the sudden deterioration and tension of relations as is the case usually in the regional relations.