المسؤولية المدنية الناتجة عن العمل التطوعي
Date
2022-09-07
Authors
أحمد نيسير محمود حماد
ahmad teisser mahmoud hammad
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Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هدفت الدراسة لتحديد المسؤولية المدنية عن الضرر الناجم عن العمل التطوعي، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التحليلي المقارن في إعدادها، وذلك بجمع المعلومات النظرية والتطبيقات العملية الخاصة بالعمل التطوعي في فلسطين، واستعراض النصوص القانونية المقارنة والآراء الفقهية الناظمة له، ثم تحليلها ومقارنتها مع القواعد العامة وواقع العمل التطوعي في فلسطين في ضل غياب تشريع خاص بالعمل التطوعي.
ولقد تعرفنا في هذه الدراسة على طبيعة العلاقة في العمل التطوعي بين الأشخاص المتطوعين والمؤسسات المنظمة للعمل التطوعي، وكانت هذه العلاقة أساسها العقد بين أطراف العمل التطوعي، وما يميز عقد العمل التطوعي كعقد تبرع عن العقود التبرعية الأخرى أنه دائما يكون محل الالتزام فيه القيام بعمل أو الامتناع عن القيام بعمل، وتوافر عنصر التبعية من خلال ممارسة جهة التطوع الإشراف والتوجيه على أعمال المتطوع.
فتثار مسؤولية عقدية بين أطرف العقد حال الإخلال بالعقد، وأما بخصوص الضرر الذي أصاب الغير فيكون المتطوع مسئول عن عمله الضار كمصدر للالتزام، ويحل مكانه جهة التطوع بصفتها متبوع مسئول عن أعمال تابعه، حال توافر الشروط الواجب توافرها في القانون والقواعد العامة لقيام هذه الآثار، ولا تدفع جهة التطوع هذه المسؤولية إلا بنفي الخطأ عن المتطوع نفسه.
وانتهت الدراسة بتوصية المشرع بضرورة إصدار تشريع خاص ينظم العمل التطوعي في فلسطين وتشكيل هيئة عامة مختصة بتنظيم ومتابعة كافة شؤون العمل التطوعي، وإلزام جهات التطوع الخاصة بالتعاون معها، ووجوب تسجيل كافة المتطوعين لدى الهيئة العامة المختصة بالعمل التطوعي بصفتها الجهة المسئولة عن العمل التطوعي.
The study aimed to determine the civil liability for damage caused by voluntary work, and the study relied on a comparative analytical doctrine in its preparation, by collecting theoretical information and practical applications of volunteering in Palestine, and a reviewing of the comparative legal texts and the jurisprudential opinions of it, then analyzing and comparing them with the general rules and the reality of voluntary work in Palestine in the absence of legislation specific to voluntary work. In this study, we have identified the nature of the relationship in volunteering between volunteer people and theVolunteerism-organizing institutions, This relationship was based on the contract between the parties to volunteer work, and what distinguishes the volunteer work contract as a donation contract from other donation contracts is that it is always of commitment to doing or refraining from doing a job, and the availability of the element of dependency through the exercise of the volunteer authority to supervise and guide the work of the volunteer. In case of breach of contract, a contractual liability will arise between the parties to the contract. As for the harm that befalls others, the volunteer is responsible for his harmful work as a source of obligation, and he is replaced by the volunteer entity in its capacity as a subordinate responsible for the actions of his subordinate, if the conditions that must be met in the law and the general rules for the occurrence of these effects are met. The volunteer authority pays this responsibility, unless the volunteer himself denies the mistake. The study ends with the project's recommendation that special legislation should be issued regulating volunteer work in Palestine, that a public body should be formed to regulate and follow up all matters of volunteering, that private volunteer bodies should cooperate with them, and that all volunteers should be registered with the General Authority for Volunteering as the body responsible for volunteer work.
The study aimed to determine the civil liability for damage caused by voluntary work, and the study relied on a comparative analytical doctrine in its preparation, by collecting theoretical information and practical applications of volunteering in Palestine, and a reviewing of the comparative legal texts and the jurisprudential opinions of it, then analyzing and comparing them with the general rules and the reality of voluntary work in Palestine in the absence of legislation specific to voluntary work. In this study, we have identified the nature of the relationship in volunteering between volunteer people and theVolunteerism-organizing institutions, This relationship was based on the contract between the parties to volunteer work, and what distinguishes the volunteer work contract as a donation contract from other donation contracts is that it is always of commitment to doing or refraining from doing a job, and the availability of the element of dependency through the exercise of the volunteer authority to supervise and guide the work of the volunteer. In case of breach of contract, a contractual liability will arise between the parties to the contract. As for the harm that befalls others, the volunteer is responsible for his harmful work as a source of obligation, and he is replaced by the volunteer entity in its capacity as a subordinate responsible for the actions of his subordinate, if the conditions that must be met in the law and the general rules for the occurrence of these effects are met. The volunteer authority pays this responsibility, unless the volunteer himself denies the mistake. The study ends with the project's recommendation that special legislation should be issued regulating volunteer work in Palestine, that a public body should be formed to regulate and follow up all matters of volunteering, that private volunteer bodies should cooperate with them, and that all volunteers should be registered with the General Authority for Volunteering as the body responsible for volunteer work.
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Citation
حماد، أحمد نيسير. (2022). المسؤولية المدنية الناتجة عن العمل التطوعي [رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة]. جامعة القدس.