Characterization of Legionella pneumophila Populations by Multilocus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (MLVA) Genotyping from Drinking Water and Biofilm in Hospitals from Di erent Regions of the West Bank

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dc.contributor.authorZayed, Ashraf R.
dc.contributor.authorPecellin, Marina
dc.contributor.authorSalah, Alaa
dc.contributor.authorAlalam, Hanna
dc.contributor.authorButmeh, Suha
dc.contributor.authorSteinert, Michael
dc.contributor.authorLesnik, Rene
dc.contributor.authorBrettar, Ingrid
dc.contributor.author. Höfle, Manfred G
dc.contributor.authorBitar, Dina M.
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-01T11:18:52Z
dc.date.available2020-11-01T11:18:52Z
dc.date.issued2020-10-22
dc.description.abstractThe West Bank can be considered a high-risk area for Legionnaires’ disease (LD) due to its hot climate, intermittent water supply and roof storage of drinking water. Legionella, mostly L. pneumophila, are responsible for LD, a severe, community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. To date, no extensive assessment of Legionella spp and L. pneumophila using cultivation in combination with molecular approaches in the West Bank has been published. Two years of environmental surveillance of Legionella in water and biofilms in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) of eight hospitals was carried out; 180 L. pneumophila strains were isolated, mostly from biofilms in DWDS. Most of the isolates were identified as serogroup (Sg) 1 (60%) and 6 (30%), while a minor fraction comprised Sg 8 and 10. Multilocus Variable number of tandem repeats Analysis using 13 loci (MLVA-8(12)) was applied as a high-resolution genotyping method and compared to the standard Sequence Based Typing (SBT). The isolates were genotyped in 27 MLVA-8(12) genotypes (Gt), comprising four MLVA clonal complexes (VACC 1; 2; 5; 11). The major fraction of isolates constituted Sequence Type (ST)1 and ST461. Most of the MLVA-genotypes were highly diverse and often unique. The MLVA-genotype composition showed substantial regional variability. In general, the applied MLVA-method made it possible to reproducibly genotype the isolates, and was consistent with SBT but showed a higher resolution. The advantage of the higher resolution was most evident for the subdivision of the large strain sets of ST1 and ST461; these STs were shown to be highly pneumonia-relevant in a former study. This shows that the resolution by MLVA is advantageous for back-tracking risk sites and for the avoidance of outbreaks of L. pneumophila. Overall, our results provide important insights into the detailed population structure of L. pneumophila, allowing for better risk assessment for DWDS.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding: This work was supported by DFG grant (HO 930/5-1&2) and the Hildegard-Elisabeth Foundation. Acknowledgments: We thank the administration of the hospitals for allowing us to collect the samples. We thank the PalestinianWater Authority (PWA) for helpful support, information and data. We are grateful to Dalia Abu Hilal, Verena Maiberg and Josefin Koch for technical assistance. Christian LĂĽck of the TU Dresden kindly provided the Sequence Types of the isolates.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2076-0817
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.alquds.edu/handle/20.500.12213/6240
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.subjectMLVA-genotypesen_US
dc.subjectclonal complexen_US
dc.subjecthospital wateren_US
dc.subjectWest Banken_US
dc.subjectLegionella pneumophilaen_US
dc.titleCharacterization of Legionella pneumophila Populations by Multilocus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (MLVA) Genotyping from Drinking Water and Biofilm in Hospitals from Di erent Regions of the West Banken_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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