آليات حماية رب العمل في ظل جائحة كورونا
Date
2023-05-06
Authors
أسماء نواف طعمه العدم
Asmaa Noaf Touma Aladam
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
إن الفكرة التي تناولتها في هذه الدراسة هي حماية صاحب العمل باعتباره أحد طرفي عقد العمل في مواجهة الطرف الآخر وهو العامل، وذلك في ظل جائحة كورونا باعتبارها ظرف طارئ، فكان لا بد من الحفاظ على استمرارية عقد العمل بتحقيق التوازن العقدي فيه، فقاعدة التوازن العقدي هي ما تحفظ استمرارية قيام المنشآت حتى خلال الظروف الاستثنائية، فصاحب العمل له تعديل عقد العمل بما يضمن استمرار منشآته مع مراعاة حقوق العامل. وانتهجت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لبعض النصوص القانونية في قانون العمل ونصوص بعض القوانين الفلسطينية والأخرى.
وتوصلت في نتيجة هذه الرسالة إلى أن جائحة كورونا كشفت عن ضعف في الاقتصاد الفلسطيني، وغياب السياسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للدولة. وكذلك إن تطبيق نظرية القوة القاهرة على العقود في جائحة كورونا يشكل كارثة على الاقتصاد ففيها يكون فسخ عقود العمل فلا عمل ولا اجر، والمناسب تطبيق نظرية الظروف الطارئة على الجائحة على اعتبار ان التزامات المتعاقدين مرهقة اثناء كورونا وليست مستحيلة. وبذلك كان من أهم التوصيات التي أوردناها في هذه الدراسة هي العمل على سن نظام تشريعي نلجأ لتطبيقه في حالة وقوع أي ظرف استثنائي غير متوقع، كما في أمر الدفاع الأردني. وإضافة نصوص تشريعية تنص على وجوب تحمل الحكومة جزء من المسؤولية في حالة وقوع أي ظرف طارئ، وكذلك تحمل المؤسسات الكبرى والقوية اقتصادياً جزء من هذه المسؤولية ومساندة الشركات الصغرى، وذلك للنهوض بالاقتصاد القومي للدولة.
The central idea that I dealt with in this study is the protection of the employer as one of the parties to the employment contract against the other party, which is the worker, in light of Covid pandemic as an unforeseen circumstance, so it was necessary to preserve the continuity of the employment contract by achieving the contractual balance in it, as the rule of contractual balance is what preserves the continuity of work-facilities even during Unforeseen circumstances, and as the employer has the right to amend the employment contract to ensure the continuity of his work-facility, taking into account the rights of the employee .The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approaches of some legal texts in the Labor Law and the texts of some Palestinian and other legislations. One of the most important results was that the Covid pandemic revealed weakness in the Palestinian economy, and the absence of economic and social policies of the State. Likewise, applying the theory of force majeure to contracts in the Covid pandemic represents a disaster for the economy, as there is termination of employment contracts, hence there is no employment or salaries, and it is appropriate to apply the theory of unforeseen conditions to the pandemic, given that the obligations of the contractors are burdensome during Covid, but yet not impossible. As a result, one of the most important recommendations that we mentioned in this study is to work on enacting a legislative system that we would resort to applying it in the event of any unexpected, unforeseen circum stance, as in the Jordanian Defense Order, and also to add legislative texts stipulating that the government should bear part of the responsibility in the event of any unforeseen circumstance, along with large and economically powerful institutions shouldering part of this responsibility and supporting small companies, in order to advance the national economy of the State.
The central idea that I dealt with in this study is the protection of the employer as one of the parties to the employment contract against the other party, which is the worker, in light of Covid pandemic as an unforeseen circumstance, so it was necessary to preserve the continuity of the employment contract by achieving the contractual balance in it, as the rule of contractual balance is what preserves the continuity of work-facilities even during Unforeseen circumstances, and as the employer has the right to amend the employment contract to ensure the continuity of his work-facility, taking into account the rights of the employee .The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approaches of some legal texts in the Labor Law and the texts of some Palestinian and other legislations. One of the most important results was that the Covid pandemic revealed weakness in the Palestinian economy, and the absence of economic and social policies of the State. Likewise, applying the theory of force majeure to contracts in the Covid pandemic represents a disaster for the economy, as there is termination of employment contracts, hence there is no employment or salaries, and it is appropriate to apply the theory of unforeseen conditions to the pandemic, given that the obligations of the contractors are burdensome during Covid, but yet not impossible. As a result, one of the most important recommendations that we mentioned in this study is to work on enacting a legislative system that we would resort to applying it in the event of any unexpected, unforeseen circum stance, as in the Jordanian Defense Order, and also to add legislative texts stipulating that the government should bear part of the responsibility in the event of any unforeseen circumstance, along with large and economically powerful institutions shouldering part of this responsibility and supporting small companies, in order to advance the national economy of the State.
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Citation
العدم، أسماء نواف. (2023). آليات حماية رب العمل في ظل جائحة كورونا [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة
القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس. https://arab-scholars.com/97a055