Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among children in Gaza Governorates: A Case Control Study
Date
2016-01-01
Authors
Mahmoud Said Al-Absi
محمود سعيد العبسي
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the emerging worldwide critical health problems
encountered in child life. The disease in children is a fatal illness and the infants with
advanced renal diseases are at higher risk of death in the first 2 years of life. This case
control study aimed to determine the main risk factors of CKD among children in Gaza
governorates (GGs). The sample study consisted of 400 child; 200 cases and 200 controls.
The participants were selected from those medical files at Al-Ranteesy hospital while the
controls were chosen from the main governmental primary health care centers in each
governorate. A questionnaire was constructed and data was collected by the researcher
through a face to face interview with the mothers of children. The results of the study
showed that the most frequent renal cause of CKD was Nephrotic Syndrome (30%)
followed by Vesico-ureteral Reflux (20%), and Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis
(18%). While the most congenital renal cause was kidney atrophy (23%), and born with
one kidney (20%). Among socio-demographic risk factors, percentage of cases sample
were (57%) male, and (43%) female. Other risk factors include lower educational level
for mother, child birth weight, small gestational age, child obesity, history of HTN and
anemia. The study found that there is no relation between the extensive use of antibiotics
and analgesic. However, analgesic drugs use during pregnancy can lead to CKD at
childhood, nevertheless it was not associated with antibiotic drugs use. Maternal obesity,
and low amniotic fluid shows positive association with child CKD. Mothers with chronic
health problems especially HTN and DM and maternal age during pregnancy, are not
consider risk factors. A significant positive association with living area in camps and
villages, living near hazards, and unsafety drinking water was confirmed. The study
concluded that most of the risk factors appeared are avoidable. It is found necessary to
follow up at maternal and antenatal care, encouraging child health screening for UTI and
other urologic problems, controlling of environmental hazard can decrease the risks of
CKD in GGs.
Key words: Chronic Kidney Disease in children, Risk factors, Gaza Governorates.