الحــركـــة القــومية الكــردية في العراق ما بين مفهوم الحكم الذاتي والدولة الفيدرالية

Abstract

This study aims at getting introduced to the Kurd problem at Iraq, the requests of the Kurds national movement, its rights as anational minority, and the efforts spent for the sake of achieving these rights,and their effects on the state of Iraq , its influenc by the adjacent regional countries surrounding Iraq (Turkey ,Iran , Syria , Saudi Arabia , Jordan , and Kuwait ), and its influences upon it and how it influences by international powers (Britain , USA, Soviet union , and Israel) . This study starts with a theoretical preface about nationalism, its definition, its subjective and spiritual elements, and the national rights, (the right of) self – determination, sovereignty, identification And definition of the nationalism minority, cultural autonomy, and the national self rule. I divided it into five chapters: I discussed in the first chapter: the genesis of the modern state in Iraq , the problem of the Mosel county, because the majority of the Kurdish national minority in Iraq lives in the Mosel county.and The Kurdish problem in Iraq started with its annexation to Iraq. In the second chapter , I discussed the establishanet of the Kurdish national movement in Iraq , after dividing the natural Kurdistan at the end of the first world war and establishing the modern states in the middle east region and not granting the Kurdish nation the right of self-determination , the matter which caused the arising of many uproars by Kurds to claim or demand for their national rights

I talked as well about the Kurdish national parties which started during the second world war , and about the Kurdish – Kurdish struggles which arose as a result of the competence among tribal – Kurdish leaderships and the young Kurdish revolutionary leaderships, that affected the Kurdish national movement at Iraq and its claim for the Kurdish nationality. I discussed in the third chapter the claim of the Kurdish national movement to the national rights, as demanding first the right of self – determination and independence to all Kurds belonging to natural Kurdistan and the unification of the Kurdish nation in one state , then the Kurds in Iraq started demanding independence for Iraqi Kurds, then they claimed for autonomy within the Iraqi state which they got from the Iraqi government . It was a place of indifference among the tow parties,and now the Kurds claim for autonomy inside a federal Iraq state , and it jolned compared between the autonomy administration and the federal state.

I discussed in the fourth chapter the role of neighboring states to Iraq and their effect, i.e. Iran, Turkey, Kuwait, Syrian , Jordan and Saudi Arabia, which played different roles and had influenceson Iraq and on the Kurds national movement in Iraq and its claims from time to time and one country to another about selfdetermination or sovereignty or the federal state. The alliances of the Kurds national movement have changed in Iraq with regional neighboring states, asing according to their interests and relations with the Iraqi Government, the Kurds national movement in Iraq as a "pressur-paper"without commitment to the Kurds national rights. I discussed in the fifth chapter the role of some of the international powers and their effect , I.e. Britain, USA,UDSSR, and Israel.