The Legal Characterization of the Current Status Quo at al-Aqsa Mosque Under Public International Law

Date
2025-05
Authors
Kamel Rayan
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Al-Quds University
Abstract
Jerusalem, one of Palestine’s largest and most historically significant cities, holds profound religious and political importance. As the capital of the independent State of Palestine, it is revered by Muslims, Christians, and Jews alike. A historical and cultural examination of Jerusalem reveals its deeply rooted Arab identity, with an unbroken connection between the city and the Arab and Muslim worlds. This bond is anchored in its sanctity and its profound place in their faith, history, and collective consciousness. Jerusalem’s Islamic heritage is evident in its enduring, ancient sanctuaries. It was the first Qibla—the initial direction toward which Muslims turned in prayer for over sixteen months at the dawn of Islam1 . In light of the foregoing discussion on the intrinsic bond between the city of Jerusalem and its sanctified enclave, al-Aqsa Mosque, it becomes imperative to delve into the origins of the ensuing arrangements concerning the status quo and their spiritual underpinnings. This necessitates an exploration of two key aspects: first, the governance of Jerusalem under Islamic rule and its administrative divisions; and second, the location and defining landmarks of al-Aqsa Mosque, which form the basis of the regulations governing visitation and prayer within its sacred precincts.
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