تقنیات تقدیر الجھد في تطویر البرمجیات - دراسة حالة لشركات البرمجیات الفلسطینیة
Date
2022-12-24
Authors
عدي عبد محمد الوحش
Oday Abed Mohammad Al-Wahsh
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Publisher
جامعة القدس
Abstract
تقدیر الجھد ھو إحدى طرق تقییم مشروع برمجي وفھم جدولھ الزمني ومیزانیتھ. إنھ أحد أھم جوانب دورة حیاة تطویر البرمجیات. قد یؤدي عدم التعرف على تقدیر الجھد الدقیق إلى زیادة التكالیف المالیة للشركات وعملائھا مما یؤدي إلى تأثیر سلبي على واجباتھم الوظیفیة وخططھم التسویقیة المستقبلیة بالإضافة إلى خیبة أمل العمیل وعدم رضاه. یعتبر قطاع تكنولوجیا المعلومات الفلسطیني من أكثر القطاعات الواعدة والنامیة. ومع ذلك، فإن الدراسات التي تبحث في أسالیب وتقنیات تقدیر الجھد ھي على الأرجح مفقودة. لھذا السبب، كنا متحمسین لدراسة حالة شركات تطویر البرمجیات في فلسطین من أجل فھم أفضل لكیفیة تقدیر الفرق الفنیة للجھود المطلوبة لمشاریعھم البرمجیة. الغرض من ھذه الدراسة ھو )1( مسح تقنیات تقدیر الجھد الحالیة المستخدمة من قبل شركات تطویر البرمجیات الفلسطینیة البارزة وتحلیل ممارساتھا، و )2( لاقتراح أسلوب تقدیر الجھد المناسب الذي یمكن أن یتناسب مع طبیعة واحتیاجات ھذه الشركات وللتحقق من صحة ھذه التقنیة عبر تطبیق حقیقي ضمن مشاریع برمجیة فعلیة في مجموعة فرعیة مختارة من ھذه الشركات. بنا ًء على المسح والتحلیل الذي أجریناه، اخترنا تقنیة تقدیر الجھد الحالیة تسمى )Triangulation( كأسلوب تقدیر الجھد والتكلفة الأنسب للشركات الصغیرة وصناعة تطویر البرمجیات الفلسطینیة، ثم قمنا بتصمیم امتداد لھذه التقنیة من أجل )صقل( للاحتیاجات الدقیقة للشركة وتزویدھا ببعض المرونة لإجراء بعض التغییرات والتعدیلات )على سبیل المثال، تقلیل وقت تسلیم المشروع عن طریق زیادة الموارد(. علاوة على ذلك، تم تطبیق ھذه التقنیة على مشاریع البرمجیات الفلسطینیة للتحقق من نتائجھا. نعتقد أن ھذه الدراسة یمكن أن تكون موردا قیما لشركات تطویر البرمجیات الفلسطینیة. ویمكنھم استخدامھ كدلیل إرشادي لمساعدتھم في الحصول على تقدیرات أفضل وأكثر دقة للجھود، والتي بدورھا یمكن أن تقلل التكالیف وتوفر جدولة أفضل وأكثر دقة واحتیاجات التوظیف.
Effort estimation is one way to evaluate a software project and understand its schedule and budget. It is one of the most important aspects of the software development life cycle. The failure of not recognizing the accurate effort estimation may lead to increase the financial costs of the companies and their clients which will cause negative impact on their job duties and their future marketing plans besides the client disappointment and dissatisfaction. The Palestinian IT sector is considered to be one of the most developing and promising sectors. However, the studies that investigate the methods and techniques of effort estimation are most likely missing. For that reason, we were motivated to study the status of the software development companies in Palestine in order to better understand how the technical teams estimate the needed effort of their software projects. The purpose of this study is (i) to survey the existing effort estimation techniques used by prominent Palestinian software development companies and analyze their practices, and (ii) to suggest an appropriate effort estimation technique that can suite the nature and needs of these companies and to validate this technique via real application within actual software projects in a selected subset of these companies. Based on our survey and analysis, we have selected an existing effort estimation technique called (Triangulation) as the most appropriate EE method for the small companies and for the Palestinian software development industry, then we have designed an extension of this technique in order to (fine-tune) for the company’s exact needs and provide it with some flexibility to make some changes and adjustments (e.g., decrease project delivery time by increasing resources). Moreover, this technique was applied on the Palestinian software projects to validate its results. We believe this study can be a valuable resource for Palestinian software development companies; and they can use it as a guideline to help them get better and more accurate effort estimates, which in return can reduce costs and provide better and more accurate scheduling and staffing needs.
Effort estimation is one way to evaluate a software project and understand its schedule and budget. It is one of the most important aspects of the software development life cycle. The failure of not recognizing the accurate effort estimation may lead to increase the financial costs of the companies and their clients which will cause negative impact on their job duties and their future marketing plans besides the client disappointment and dissatisfaction. The Palestinian IT sector is considered to be one of the most developing and promising sectors. However, the studies that investigate the methods and techniques of effort estimation are most likely missing. For that reason, we were motivated to study the status of the software development companies in Palestine in order to better understand how the technical teams estimate the needed effort of their software projects. The purpose of this study is (i) to survey the existing effort estimation techniques used by prominent Palestinian software development companies and analyze their practices, and (ii) to suggest an appropriate effort estimation technique that can suite the nature and needs of these companies and to validate this technique via real application within actual software projects in a selected subset of these companies. Based on our survey and analysis, we have selected an existing effort estimation technique called (Triangulation) as the most appropriate EE method for the small companies and for the Palestinian software development industry, then we have designed an extension of this technique in order to (fine-tune) for the company’s exact needs and provide it with some flexibility to make some changes and adjustments (e.g., decrease project delivery time by increasing resources). Moreover, this technique was applied on the Palestinian software projects to validate its results. We believe this study can be a valuable resource for Palestinian software development companies; and they can use it as a guideline to help them get better and more accurate effort estimates, which in return can reduce costs and provide better and more accurate scheduling and staffing needs.
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Citation
عدي الوحش ، تقنیات تقدیر الجھد في تطویر البرمجیات - دراسة حالة لشركات البرمجیات الفلسطینیة، رسالة ماجستير، القدس ، جامعة القدس ، 2022