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Integration of IoT Technologies for Enhanced Monitoring and Control in Hybrid-Powered Desalination Systems: A Sustainable Approach to Freshwater Production
(MDPI, 2024-05-31) Alaa M. Odeh; Isam Ishaq
Abstract: In the face of our rapidly expanding global population, the necessity of meeting the fundamental needs of every individual is more pressing than ever. Human survival depends upon access to water, making it a vital resource that demands novel solutions to ensure universal availability. Although our planet is abundant in water, 97.5% of it is saltwater, compelling nations to investigate ways to make it suitable for consumption. Seawater desalination is becoming increasingly vital for water sustainability. While seawater desalination offers a solution, existing methods often grapple with high energy consumption and maintaining consistent water quality. This paper proposes a novel hybrid water desalination system that addresses these limitations. Our system leverages solar energy, a readily available renewable resource, to power the desalination process, significantly improving its environmental footprint and operational efficiency. Additionally, we integrated a network of sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable the real-time monitoring of system performance and water quality. This allows for the immediate detection and improvement in any potential issues, ensuring the consistent production of clean drinking water. By combining solar energy with robust quality control via IoT, our hybrid desalination system offers a sustainable and reliable approach to meet the growing demand for freshwater.
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Identification of key components in water extracts of tea (Camellia Sinensis) using UPLC-PDA-ESi- MS and evaluation of their possible antimalarial properties
(MedCrave, 2023-10-31) Mutaz Akkawi; Saleh Abu-Lafi; Qassem Abu-Remeleh
This study used a semi-quantitative approach to examine how water extracted green and black tea (Camellia Sinensis) inhibits the formation of β-hematin in-vitro. LC-PDA-ESi-MS analysis of the tea extracts revealed that they contain many active catechins. When compared to the positive control, chloroquine, the results demonstrated that black water extracts had a considerable anti-malarial potential even at significantly lower dosages, while the green tea water extracts showed no effect. However, when a bicarbonate solution was used to create the green tea infusion, the result was similarly effective to the positive control. Additionally, there was no difference in β-hematin formation when the black tea was prepared at various time points (freshly prepared vs. 24-48 hours of incubation). The absence of time-dependent effects suggests that the in-vitro assay is unaffected by oxidation or any other changes that may have occurred in the extracts and solely reacts to stable active compounds or minerals that prevent β-hematin formation. The diverse combined catechins present in the tea extracts were efficient in forming a favorable complex with free heme, thereby preventing β-hematin formation, which could irreversibly harm the plasmodium parasite during the intraerythrocytic stage.
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The level of cognitive flexibility of English language teachers in Hebron Governorate
(2023-11-13) Ibrahim Moh’D Arman; Rimah Ali Bhais; Awni Abu Tair
The study aimed to identify the level of cognitive flexibility of English language teachers in Hebron Governorate. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was adopted. The study was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2021/2022) on a stratified random sample, which consisted of (262) male and female teachers from The Directorate of Education of Yatta and the Directorate of South Hebron. A questionnaire was prepared to measure the level of cognitive flexibility of English language teachers in Hebron Governorate, and it consisted of (33) items. (0.81). The results showed that the cognitive flexibility of the English language teachers in Hebron Governorate was high, with an average of (3.842) and a standard deviation of (0.466). The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the arithmetic averages of the cognitive flexibility of English language teachers in Hebron Governorate, according to the variable (gender, educational qualification, directorate, and stage), while it showed that there were differences according to the variable (years of experience).
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Association of IFNAR2 rs2236757 and OAS3 rs10735079 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to COVID-19 Infection and Severity in Palestine
(Hindawi, 2023-09-16) Mohammad Abdelhafez; Abedelmajeed Nasereddin; Omar Abu Shamma; Rajaa Abed; Raghida Sinnokrot; Omar Marof; Tariq Heif; Zaid Erekat; Amer Al-Jawabreh; Suheir Ereqat
The clinical course and severity of COVID-19 vary among patients. Tis study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between the gene polymorphisms of the interferon receptor (IFNAR2) rs2236757 and oligoadenylate synthetase 3 (OAS3) rs10735079 with the risk of COVID-19 infection and its severity among Palestinian patients. Te study was conducted between April and May 2021 on 154 participants who were divided into three groups: the control group (RT-PCR-negative, n = 52), the community cases group (RT-PCR-positive, n = 70), and the critically ill cases (ICU group; n = 32). Te genotyping of the investigated polymorphisms was performed using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. Te genotypes distribution for the IFNAR2 rs2236757 was signifcantly diferent among the study groups (P = 0.001), while no statistically signifcant diferences were found in the distribution of genotypes for the OAS3 rs10735079 (P = 0.091). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for possible confounding factors revealed a signifcant association between the risk allele rs2236757A and critical COVID-19 illness (P < 0.025). Among all patients, those who carried the rs2236757GA were more likely to have a sore throat (OR, 2.52 (95% CI 1.02–6.24); P = 0.011); the presence of the risk allele rs2236757A was associated with an increased risk to dyspnea (OR, 4.70 (95% CI 1.80-12.27); P < 0.001), while the rs10735079A carriers were less likely to develop muscle aches (OR, 0.34 (95% CI 0.13–0.88); P = 0.0248) and sore throat (OR, 0.17 (95% CI 0.05–0.55); P < 0.001). In conclusion, our results revealed that the rs2236757A variant was associated with critical COVID-19 illness and dyspnea, whereas the rs10735079A variant was protective for muscle aches and sore throat
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Use of Photopyroelectric Film in Performing Quality Analysis for Food Matrix
(2023-10-20) Rushdi Kitaneh; Ibrahim Afaneh; Hisham Hidmi; Abrar Al Za tari
The Photopyroelectric film known as Polyvinylidenedifluoride film (PVDF) was used to invent a new technique for detecting food elements qualitatively and quantitatively. Several Food items, namely carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins, and minerals, were involved. Several concentrations of the investigated materials were prepared in form of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10%. The PVDF was found to be very effective in determining the concentrations and detecting the presence of several food elements, as in the case of NaCl, CaCl2, Sucrose, and Tryptophan. The detection was in terms of full beam, while each item was measured at all investigated concentrations at specific wavelength. The results obtained showed very remarkable correlation between the measured food elements; NaCl, CaCl2, Sucrose, and Tryptophan and the wavelengths; 720, 850, 1000, and 760nm, respectively. The real food samples consisted of eggs in the form of whole egg, egg yolk, and egg white and milk in the form of raw, pasteurized, and sterilized milk, and they were stored at different storage temperatures.