قاعدة: "ما حُرم سدا للذريعة أبيح للحاجة أو المصلحة " وتطبيقاتها المعاصرة
Date
2023-11-30
Authors
أنس يوسف محمد القرنة
anas youssef mohammed algurna
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تتناول هذه الدراسة قاعدة "ما حرم سدا للذريعة أبيح للحاجة أو للمصلحة" وتطبيقاتها المعاصرة، وإشكالية البحث الرئيسة، والتي حاولت الدراسة الإجابة عنها، تتمحور حول بيان مفهوم سد الذرائع، ومذاهب الفقهاء في الأخذ بهذه القاعدة بين الرافضين والمجيزين، مع ذكر بعض الأمثلة التطبيقية القديمة والحديثة على هذه القاعدة.
وقد جاءت الدراسة في خمسة مباحث رئيسة: حيث بدأت الدراسة ببيان مفهوم سد الذرائع، من خلال التعريف بالذرائع لغة واصطلاحا، ثم بيان معنى المصلحة وضوابطها، وبيان مكانة الذرائع في الإسلام، ثم قام الباحث ببيان معنى الذرائع وفتحها، وفي آخر المبحث بين الباحث أركان الذرائع، ثم قام الباحث في المبحث الثاني ببيان علاقة قاعدة سد الذرائع ببعض القواعد المقاصدية ذات الصلة ، وفي المبحث الثالث: قام الباحث ببيان حجية سد الذرائع، من خلال بيان موقف الفقهاء من سد الذرائع، وبيان حجة المثبتين والمانعين لسد الذرائع، وفي نهاية المبحث قام الباحث بمناقشة الأقوال وبيان الرأي الراجح في المسألة.
وجاء المبحث الرابع من هذه الدراسة بشرح مفصل لقاعدة ما حرم سدا للذريعة أبيح للمصلحة الراجحة، من خلال بيان معنى القاعدة وألفاظها وأدلتها، وبعد ذلك قام الباحث ببيان العلاقة التي تربط هذه القاعدة مع فقه الموازنات، ثم بين الباحث أقسام وأحكام الذرائع.
وفي المبحث الخامس كانت التطبيقات على القاعدة محل الدراسة.
وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن هذه القاعدة تمثل جانبا مهما من جوانب الموازنة بين المصالح والمفاسد، فهي التطبيق العملي لفقه الحيل والمآلات وفقه الموازنة، مما كان له أثر كبير ظهر في الفروع الفقهية المعاصرة والقديمة.
ويوصي الباحث من خلال هذا البحث إلى عقد ندوات علمية تبين أهمية فتح الذرائع عند وجود الحاجة أو للمصلحة الراجحة.
This study addresses the principle “what has been forbidden in order to block the means (Sadd adh-dhara'i') is made permissible in cases of necessity or public interest” and its contemporary applications. The main research problem, which the study seeks to tackle, revolves around the elucidation of the concept of blocking the means, setting forth the scholars’ opinions (madhhabs) -either approving or disapproving- on adopting this principle, and presenting some ancient and recent practical examples of the principle. The paper contains five main sections: in the first section, it starts with elucidating the concept of blocking the means through defining the means linguistically as well as technically. Next, it explains the meaning of public interest (al-maslaha) and its guidelines. It further shows the significance of the means (adh-dhara'i') in Islam besides their meaning and facilitating them. Finally, the study has set forth the elements of the means. In the second section, it has explained the relationship between the principle of blocking the means and some relevant rules regarding the higher objectives (maqasid) of the Shari’ah. Whereas in the third one, the study has demonstrated the legality of blocking the means through clarifying the scholars’ stand on blocking the means and presenting the evidence of both the supporters and opponents of it. Finally, the study has discussed all the opinions on this issue and set forth the preponderant one. The fourth section explains in detail the principle “what has been forbidden in order to block the means is made permissible for the preponderant interest” through explaining its meaning, terms, and evidence. It explains the relationship between this principle and jurisprudence of balancing interests and harms (fiqh al-muwazanat) After, it shows the types and rules of the means. The examples of the principle have been tackled in the fifth section. The study concludes that this principle represents an important aspect of balancing interests and harms. It is indeed the practical application of jurisprudence of legal devices (fiqh al-ḥiyal), consequences (fiqh al-maalat) as well as balancing interests and harms (fiqh al-muwazanah), which has had a substantial impact on both the ancient and contemporary jurisprudential branches. The study recommends providing forums for showing the importance of facilitating the means (fath adh-dhara'i') for cases of necessity or preponderant public interests.
This study addresses the principle “what has been forbidden in order to block the means (Sadd adh-dhara'i') is made permissible in cases of necessity or public interest” and its contemporary applications. The main research problem, which the study seeks to tackle, revolves around the elucidation of the concept of blocking the means, setting forth the scholars’ opinions (madhhabs) -either approving or disapproving- on adopting this principle, and presenting some ancient and recent practical examples of the principle. The paper contains five main sections: in the first section, it starts with elucidating the concept of blocking the means through defining the means linguistically as well as technically. Next, it explains the meaning of public interest (al-maslaha) and its guidelines. It further shows the significance of the means (adh-dhara'i') in Islam besides their meaning and facilitating them. Finally, the study has set forth the elements of the means. In the second section, it has explained the relationship between the principle of blocking the means and some relevant rules regarding the higher objectives (maqasid) of the Shari’ah. Whereas in the third one, the study has demonstrated the legality of blocking the means through clarifying the scholars’ stand on blocking the means and presenting the evidence of both the supporters and opponents of it. Finally, the study has discussed all the opinions on this issue and set forth the preponderant one. The fourth section explains in detail the principle “what has been forbidden in order to block the means is made permissible for the preponderant interest” through explaining its meaning, terms, and evidence. It explains the relationship between this principle and jurisprudence of balancing interests and harms (fiqh al-muwazanat) After, it shows the types and rules of the means. The examples of the principle have been tackled in the fifth section. The study concludes that this principle represents an important aspect of balancing interests and harms. It is indeed the practical application of jurisprudence of legal devices (fiqh al-ḥiyal), consequences (fiqh al-maalat) as well as balancing interests and harms (fiqh al-muwazanah), which has had a substantial impact on both the ancient and contemporary jurisprudential branches. The study recommends providing forums for showing the importance of facilitating the means (fath adh-dhara'i') for cases of necessity or preponderant public interests.