الصعوبات التي تواجه المرأة ذات الإعاقة وعلاقتها بأساليب التكيف في محافظة بيت لحم
Date
2024-01-10
Authors
نور محمد خضر الهريمي
Nour Mohammad Khader Alhreimi
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هدفت الدراسة التعرف الى الصعوبات التي تواجه المرأة ذات الاعاقة وعلاقتها بأساليب التكيف في محافظة بيت لحم، والى تحديد أثر المتغيرات (نوع الاعاقة، درجة الاعاقة، سبب الاعاقة، العمر، المستوى التعليمي، الحالة الاجتماعية، مكان السكن، حالة العمل، مستوى الدخل). ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم اتباع المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، ولجمع البيانات صممت أداتين؛ الأولى لقياس الصعوبات التي تواجه المرأة ذات، والثانية لقياس أساليب التكيف. تكون مجتمع الدراسة من النساء ذوات الإعاقة في محافظة بيت لحم البالغ عددهم(1686) إمرأة، واختيرت العينة العشوائية البسيطة من (160) إمرأة جمعت الكترونياً، و(70) استبانة قامت الباحثة بتعبئتها بواسطة خاصية المكالمة المرئية، و 90 استبانة تم تعبئتها من قبل أفراد العينة.
تبين من نتائج الدراسة أن الدرجة الكلية للصعوبات التي تواجه المرأة ذات الاعاقة جاءت بدرجة متوسطة، بمتوسط حسابي مقداره (2.75) وبنسبة (55%)، وأن أعلى مجال حصل على أعلى متوسط حسابي قدره (3.07) لمحور عدم وجود الموائمات وأدنى متوسط حسابي قدره (2.56) لمجال الصعوبات النفسية .
أما أداة أساليب التكيف لدى المرأة ذات الإعاقة جاءت مرتفعة بمتوسط حسابي قدره (3.45) وبنسبة (69.0%). أعلى متوسط حسابي قدره (3.66) لمحور أساليب التكيف اعادة التقييم الإيجابي وأدنى متوسط حسابي قدره (3.32) لأساليب التكيف الحركي- التنقلي.
بينت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند المستوى α≤0.05 في استجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة نحو الصعوبات التي تواجه المرأة ذات الاعاقة تُعزى لمتغيرات نوع الاعاقة وسبب الاعاقة والمستوى التعليمي والحالة الاجتماعية ومكان السكن وحالة العمل والراتب، بالمقابل اظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية نحو الصعوبات التي تواجهها المرأة ومتغيرات درجة الاعاقة والعمر.
بينت النتائج أيضاً عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة(α≤0.05) في استجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة نحو أساليب التكيف لدى المرأة ذات الاعاقة في محافظة بيت لحم تُعزى لمتغيرات نوع الاعاقة و سبب الاعاقة والعمرو الحالة الاجتماعية ومكان السكن والراتب، بالمقابل اظهرت وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية نحو أساليب التكيف ومتغيرات درجة الاعاقة والمستوى التعليمي وحالة العمل.
كما وبينت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية (عكسية) ذات دلالة احصائية بين درجة الصعوبات التي تواجه المرأة ذات الاعاقة وعلاقتها بأساليب التكيف في محافظة بيت لحم. أي كلما زادت درجة الصعوبات التي تواجه المرأة ذات الاعاقة في محافظة بيت لحم قلت أساليب التكيف لديها والعكس صحيح. وأخيراً أوصت الدراسة ضرورة اطلاق الأنشطة والفعاليات والمحاضرات المجتمعية لضمان انخراط المرأة ذات الاعاقة فيها، بالإضافة إلى توفير المواصلات والممرات الملائمة لتنقلهم.
The current study aimed to identify the difficulties facing women with disabilities and their relationship to adaptation methods in Bethlehem Governorate, and to determine the impact of variables (type of disability, degree of disability, cause of disability, age, educational level, marital status, place of residence, work status, income level). To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive, correlational approach was followed, and two tools were designed to collect data: The first is to measure the difficulties facing women themselves, and the second is to measure coping methods. The study population consisted of women with disabilities in the Bethlehem Governorate, numbering (1686) women. A simple random sample of (160) women was chosen and collected electronically, and (70) questionnaires were filled out by the researcher using the video call feature, and 90 questionnaires were filled out by Sample individuals. The results of the study showed that the total score for the difficulties facing women with disabilities was moderate, with an arithmetic average of (2.75) and a percentage of (55%), and that the highest field had the highest arithmetic average of (3.07) for the dimensions of lack of accommodations, and the lowest arithmetic average of ( 2.56) In the field of psychological difficulties. As for the tool of coping methods for women with disabilities, it was high with a mean of (3.45) and a percentage of (69.0%). The highest arithmetic mean of (3.66) was for the dimension of coping methods - positive reappraisal, and the lowest arithmetic mean of (3.32) was for motor-mobility adaptation methods. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level α≤0.05 in the responses of the study sample members regarding the difficulties faced by women with disabilities due to the variables: type of disability, cause of disability, educational level, marital status, place of residence, work status, and salary. On the other hand, the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences regarding the difficulties faced by women and the variables: degree of disability and age. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) in the responses of the study sample members towards the adaptation methods of women with disabilities in Bethlehem Governorate due to the variables: type of disability, cause of disability, age, marital status, place of residence, and salary. On the other hand, it showed the presence of statistically significant differences regarding adaptation methods and variables: degree of disability, educational level, and work status. The results also showed that there is a statistically significant (inverse) correlation between the degree of difficulties facing women with disabilities and their relationship to adaptation methods in Bethlehem Governorate. That is, the greater the degree of difficulties facing women with disabilities in Bethlehem Governorate, the less their coping methods and the opposite true. Finally, the study recommended the need to launch community activities, events, and lectures to ensure the involvement of women with disabilities in them, in addition to providing transportation and appropriate corridors for their movement.
The current study aimed to identify the difficulties facing women with disabilities and their relationship to adaptation methods in Bethlehem Governorate, and to determine the impact of variables (type of disability, degree of disability, cause of disability, age, educational level, marital status, place of residence, work status, income level). To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive, correlational approach was followed, and two tools were designed to collect data: The first is to measure the difficulties facing women themselves, and the second is to measure coping methods. The study population consisted of women with disabilities in the Bethlehem Governorate, numbering (1686) women. A simple random sample of (160) women was chosen and collected electronically, and (70) questionnaires were filled out by the researcher using the video call feature, and 90 questionnaires were filled out by Sample individuals. The results of the study showed that the total score for the difficulties facing women with disabilities was moderate, with an arithmetic average of (2.75) and a percentage of (55%), and that the highest field had the highest arithmetic average of (3.07) for the dimensions of lack of accommodations, and the lowest arithmetic average of ( 2.56) In the field of psychological difficulties. As for the tool of coping methods for women with disabilities, it was high with a mean of (3.45) and a percentage of (69.0%). The highest arithmetic mean of (3.66) was for the dimension of coping methods - positive reappraisal, and the lowest arithmetic mean of (3.32) was for motor-mobility adaptation methods. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level α≤0.05 in the responses of the study sample members regarding the difficulties faced by women with disabilities due to the variables: type of disability, cause of disability, educational level, marital status, place of residence, work status, and salary. On the other hand, the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences regarding the difficulties faced by women and the variables: degree of disability and age. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) in the responses of the study sample members towards the adaptation methods of women with disabilities in Bethlehem Governorate due to the variables: type of disability, cause of disability, age, marital status, place of residence, and salary. On the other hand, it showed the presence of statistically significant differences regarding adaptation methods and variables: degree of disability, educational level, and work status. The results also showed that there is a statistically significant (inverse) correlation between the degree of difficulties facing women with disabilities and their relationship to adaptation methods in Bethlehem Governorate. That is, the greater the degree of difficulties facing women with disabilities in Bethlehem Governorate, the less their coping methods and the opposite true. Finally, the study recommended the need to launch community activities, events, and lectures to ensure the involvement of women with disabilities in them, in addition to providing transportation and appropriate corridors for their movement.