الطاقات المعطلة والمستلبة في قطاع الصناعة التحويلية وتأثيرها على التنمية الاقتصادية في فلسطين
Date
2016-04-26
Authors
حيدر رمضان حسين حجه
Haidar Ramadan Husien Hajjeh
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AL-Quds University
جامعة القدس
جامعة القدس
Abstract
Given the importance of the industry sector, and its role in strengthening the sustainable
development, its positive impact on the economic and social development, reducing the
economic burdens resulting from the deformation of the production structure in Palestine,
the search aims to highlight the most important constraints, challenges, and the distortions of
structural productivity inherited from the occupation, which form an obstacle to the
development of the Palestinian industrial sector through the diagnosis of key indicators and
their impact on both the total and sub-total levels and to determine the general
characteristics, and the inoperative and usurped capacities in the manufacturing sector as a
result of policies and practices of the Israeli occupation and its influence on the development
in Palestine. Moreover, it aims to develop a strategy and appropriate policies capable of
leading an advanced industrial sector that leads the material and social construction of the
Palestinian society, and to conceptualize the future of Palestine.
The study is made up of five chapters: the first one dealt with the background of the study in
terms of its objectives and related questions. Chapter II dealt with the particular concepts of
the, its types and divisions, and the role and the importance of the industry in the
development as well as the strategies of manufacturing, its mechanisms and its advantages
and disadvantages, besides the structure and basis of the industry. The third chapter presents
a brief history of the industrial sector in Palestine since the British Mandate from (1922)
until (2014). It also reviewed the obstacles, opportunities and challenges that faced the
sector. The methodology and procedures of the study were reviewed in the fourth chapter.
The results of the study and their discussion were reviewed in the fifth chapter. Chapter six
is totally devoted to the conclusions and proposals.
The multi-systemic (multi-method), represented by the descriptive and analytical (content
analysis) and correlative was used in data analysis as an approach in the study in order to
examine the relationships between variables, and to express it quantitatively and
qualitatively to arrive at conclusions and generalizations that help to explain the studied
reality, and predicting its variables. The historical approach in the study of historical data
and the analysis of its content was used along with the qualitative method (qualitative) were
used through the analysis of industry indicators from the years (1994-2014). The data was
collected, examined, classified and scheduled so as to make it easier to deal with by a
computer and processed statistically using the processing tables program (Excel), calculate
averages, percentages, totals, percentage change rates, and average. The research depended
on analyzing the reality of the manufacturing industries in order to determine the energies
that were disrupted, to identify ways to help develop this sector due to its importance to the
development and analysis of trends and relationships, and to set the different forecasts under
three scenarios. First, maintain the status quo during the beginning of the establishment of
the Palestinian National Authority, where the rate of employment in the manufacturing
industries in (1997), as the base year, was (12.5%), and the rate of employment growth in
manufacturing industries was 6%. Second, achieving growth after the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority, where the rate of employment in the manufacturing
industries in (1997), as the base year, was (12.5%), and the rate of employment growth in
the manufacturing industries with the unemployment rate of (8%). Third, achieving growth
after the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority with its control over its
resources, and the achievement of operating average in the manufacturing industries at a rate
of (18%) like Independent States that has a good control over their resources such as the
Kingdom of Jordan, where rate of unemployment in its manufacturing industries is (8%).
The study has arrived at several findings, conclusions and proposals. The results have
confirmed, in general, the level of alienation and disruption in manufacturing industries and
their impact on economic development was significant according to all scenarios that have
been applied. The results were consistent with international studies and reports. The most
significant results are:
• The ratio of disruption among the workforce amounted to about (46%) out of the
total employed in manufacturing industries according to the first scenario. However,
the rate according to the second scenario was (84%) and of about (167%) according
to the third scenario.
• The percentage of alienation and disruption in production volume was about (47%)
of the total manufacturing output according to the first scenario and at a rate of about
(88%) in accordance with the second scenario. According to the third scenario the
rate was around (170%).
• It was found that worker productivity was the largest in the manufacturing of tobacco
products, paper products industry, manufacturing of rubber and plastics products,
followed by food products and beverages industry, followed by the furniture
industry, the garment industry, metals industry, and manufacturing of materials and
chemical products.
• The percentage of alienation and disruption in the contribution of manufacturing to
GDP is about (47%) of the overall contribution of manufacturing industries to GDP
according to the first scenario and around (85%) according to the second scenario as
well as a rate of about (166%) according to the third scenario.
• The percentage of alienation and disruption in capital formation, and this
demonstrates the size of investments disrupted, about (128%) according to the first
scenario, a rate of about (187%) according to the second scenario, and at a rate of
about 312% according to the third scenario.
• The percentage of alienation and disruption in the possibility of reducing imports,
and thus their replacement by increasing local production was about (42%) of total
imports with a total reached (1856) million dollars according to the first scenario, it
was about (76%), and the total reached (3418) million dollars, according to the
second scenario, and it was about (150%), and it amounted to a total of (6584)
million dollars, according to the third scenario.
•The percentage of alienation and disruption in raising the value of exports was about
(47%), of the total exports, according to the first scenario, was around (85%),
according to the second scenario, and at a rate of about (166%), according to the
third scenario.
• It was found that the manufacturing of food products and beverages, manufacturing
of rubber and plastics products, other non-metallic mineral products industry, and the
furniture industry accounted for the bulk of exports followed by tobacco products
industry, tanning industry and dressing of leather and manufacture of bags, shoes,
wood products industry, chemicals and chemical products, manufacture of basic
metals, metal products industry, except machines, and the furniture industry.
• It was found that the manufacturing industries have a significant or noticeable
ability to replace the imported goods as indicated by the results of the study,
especially in certain industrial activities (food products and beverages industry,
industry of rubber and plastics products, and other non-metallic mineral products
industry, the furniture industry, followed by tobacco products industry, tanning
industry and dressing of leather and manufacture of bags, shoes, wood products
industry, industry, chemicals and chemical products, manufacture of basic metals,
metal products industry, except machines, and the furniture industry), which requires
a focus on its development and support.
• It was found that the ability of the Palestinian economy, if it regains its resources,
according to the third scenario, and has a national and independent control over
them, the GNP could reach to (18500) million dollars, based on the analogy of the
reality of the Jordanian economy as a similar economy, where the ratio of the
contribution of the manufacturing industries to the GDP reached (20%).
Description
Keywords
بناء المؤسسات والتنمية البشرية , Institutional Building & Human Res. Dev.