DiabetesDiabeteshttps://dspace.alquds.edu/handle/20.500.12213/1532024-03-28T20:12:22Z2024-03-28T20:12:22Z41Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the centuryKharroubi, Akram TDarwish, Hisham Mhttps://dspace.alquds.edu/handle/20.500.12213/9742022-01-19T12:45:01Z2015-06-25T00:00:00Zdc.title: Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century
dc.contributor.author: Kharroubi, Akram T; Darwish, Hisham M
dc.description.abstract: The epidemic nature of diabetes mellitus in different
regions is reviewed. The Middle East and North Africa region has the highest prevalence of diabetes in
adults (10.9%) whereas, the Western Pacific region
has the highest number of adults diagnosed with
diabetes and has countries with the highest prevalence
of diabetes (37.5%). Different classes of diabetes
mellitus, type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes and other
types of diabetes mellitus are compared in terms of
diagnostic criteria, etiology and genetics. The molecular
genetics of diabetes received extensive attention in
recent years by many prominent investigators and
research groups in the biomedical field. A large array
of mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms
in genes that play a role in the various steps and
pathways involved in glucose metabolism and the
development, control and function of pancreatic cells
at various levels are reviewed. The major advances in
the molecular understanding of diabetes in relation to
the different types of diabetes in comparison to the
previous understanding in this field are briefly reviewed
here. Despite the accumulation of extensive data at
the molecular and cellular levels, the mechanism of
diabetes development and complications are still not
fully understood. Definitely, more extensive research
is needed in this field that will eventually reflect on
the ultimate objective to improve diagnoses, therapy
and minimize the chance of chronic complications
development.
2015-06-25T00:00:00ZDiabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the centuryKharroubi, Akram TDarwish, Hisham Mhttps://dspace.alquds.edu/handle/20.500.12213/9892022-01-19T16:12:54Z2015-06-25T00:00:00Zdc.title: Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century
dc.contributor.author: Kharroubi, Akram T; Darwish, Hisham M
dc.description.abstract: The epidemic nature of diabetes mellitus in different
regions is reviewed. The Middle East and North Africa region has the highest prevalence of diabetes in
adults (10.9%) whereas, the Western Pacific region
has the highest number of adults diagnosed with
diabetes and has countries with the highest prevalence
of diabetes (37.5%). Different classes of diabetes
mellitus, type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes and other
types of diabetes mellitus are compared in terms of
diagnostic criteria, etiology and genetics. The molecular
genetics of diabetes received extensive attention in
recent years by many prominent investigators and
research groups in the biomedical field. A large array
of mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms
in genes that play a role in the various steps and
pathways involved in glucose metabolism and the
development, control and function of pancreatic cells
at various levels are reviewed. The major advances in
the molecular understanding of diabetes in relation to
the different types of diabetes in comparison to the
previous understanding in this field are briefly reviewed
here. Despite the accumulation of extensive data at
the molecular and cellular levels, the mechanism of
diabetes development and complications are still not
fully understood. Definitely, more extensive research
is needed in this field that will eventually reflect on
the ultimate objective to improve diagnoses, therapy
and minimize the chance of chronic complications
development.
2015-06-25T00:00:00ZEffects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participants.Abdeen, Ziadhttps://dspace.alquds.edu/handle/20.500.12213/9732022-01-19T19:06:01Z2015-06-22T00:00:00Zdc.title: Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participants.
dc.contributor.author: Abdeen, Ziad
dc.description.abstract: Background Diabetes has been defi ned on the basis of diff erent biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG),
2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA1c. We assessed the eff ect of diff erent
diagnostic defi nitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classifi cation of previously undiagnosed
individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health
examination surveys in diff erent regions.
Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the
biomarkers used for defi ning diabetes. Diabetes was defi ned using HbA1c (HbA1c ≥6·5% or history of diabetes
diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT
defi nitions (FPG ≥7·0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT ≥11·1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral
hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey
sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using diff erent defi nitions graphically and by regression
analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specifi city of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis
based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using
insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specifi city in each survey, and then pooled
results using a random-eff ects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions
for study characteristics selected a priori.
Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG
alone (r=0·98), but was higher by 2–6 percentage points at diff erent prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA1c was
lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42·8% of age–sex–survey groups and higher in another 41·6%; in the other
15·6%, the two defi nitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between
glucose-based and HbA1c-based prevalences was partly related to participants’ age, followed by natural logarithm of
per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national,
subnational, or from specifi c communities. Diabetes defi ned as HbA1c 6·5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of
52·8% (95% CI 51·3–54·3%) and a pooled specifi city of 99·74% (99·71–99·78%) compared with FPG 7·0 mmol/L or
more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defi ned based on FPGor-
2hOGTT was 30·5% (28·7–32·3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity
in the sensitivity of HbA1c versus FPG.
2015-06-22T00:00:00ZTotal Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in PalestineKharroubi, Akram T.Darwish, Hisham M.Akkawi, Mutaz A.Ashareef, Abdelkareem A.Almasri, Zaher A.Bader, Khaldoun A.Khammash, Umaiyeh M.https://dspace.alquds.edu/handle/20.500.12213/9052022-01-19T12:52:18Z2015-05-12T00:00:00Zdc.title: Total Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Palestine
dc.contributor.author: Kharroubi, Akram T.; Darwish, Hisham M.; Akkawi, Mutaz A.; Ashareef, Abdelkareem A.; Almasri, Zaher A.; Bader, Khaldoun A.; Khammash, Umaiyeh M.
dc.description.abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the level of total antioxidant status (TAS) in type 2 diabetic and normal Palestinian
subjects as well as the major factors influencing TAS levels. A sample of convenience composed of 212 type 2 diabetic and 208
normal subjects above the age of 40 were recruited. Only 9.8% of the subjects had normal bodymass index (BMI) levels (<25), 29% were overweight (≥25 to <30), and 61.2% were obese (≥30). The mean levels of TAS were significantly higher in diabetic compared to control subjects (2.18 versus 1.84mM Trolox, P = 0.001) and in hypertensive subjects compared to subjects with normal blood pressure (BP).Mean TAS levels were higher in obese compared to nonobese subjects (2.12 versus 1.85mMTrolox, P = 0.001).Mean TAS levels were similarly higher in subjects with high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) compared to normal FPG (2.19 versus 1.90mM Trolox) and high HbA1c (≥6.5%) compared to HbA1c < 6.5% (2.14 versus 1.91mMTrolox).Multivariate analysis revealed that only diabetic status (P = 0.032) and the level of education (P = 0.036) were significantly associated with TAS. In conclusion diabetic patients had 18.5% increase in TAS levels compared to control subjects.
2015-05-12T00:00:00Z