هيكلية مؤسسة مقترحة لتمثيل القطاع الخاص الفلسطيني
Date
2008-07-16
Authors
جواد نجي خليل نزال
Jawad Naji Khalil Nazzal
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AL-Quds University
جامعة القدس
جامعة القدس
Abstract
جاءت هذه الدراسة في الوقت الذي تسعى فيه القوى والمؤسسات الدولية الى الدفع باتجاه
ضرورة اشراك القطاع الخاص في عمليات التنمية، وتقديم الدعم للحكومات لتشجيعها على
تبني سياسة اقتصاد السوق واعادة الهيكلة وتقليص دور الدولة في الانشطة
الاقتصادية(الخصخصة) وصولا الى قيام القطاع الخاص بقيادة عملية التنمية، بالشراكة مع
الدولة، ولكي يكون القطاع الخاص قادرا على التاثير فمن الافضل له وللدولة ان يكون هناك
جسم تمثيلي يتحدث باسم هذا القطاع ويعبر عنه لضمان تنسيق فعال واتصال جيد بين
الشريكين .
تناولت هذه الدراسة مسالة تمثيل القطاع الخاص الفلسطيني، من حيث الجهة التي تقوم بتمثيل
هذا القطاع امام الجهات الاخرى ذات العلاقة بانشطته، هذا القطاع الذي من ابرز سماته انة
تعرض على مدى تاريخة الى مجموعة من الظروف اثرت على تطوره بشكل طبيعي، كما انه
قطاع ضعيف سريع التأثر بالظروف الاستثنائية المحيطة، وان عملية تمثيل هذا القطاع كانت
تاريخيا من خلال الغرف التجارية الصناعية الزراعية، الا انه وبعد قدوم السلطة الوطنية
الفلسطينية عام 1994 وما ترتب على ذلك من تغيرات عامة اثرت بالضرورة على وضع
القطاع الخاص الفلسطيني ولو نظريا في بعض الجوانب، حيث اثبتت الاحداث ان القطاع
الخاص الفلسطيني بقي عرضة للضرر من اجراءات الاحتلال رغم وجود السلطة، الا ان
تغيرات حقيقية طرأت على عملية التمثيل .
ان قيام السلطة الوطنية رافقة وجود واقع جديد من حيث القوانين التي عملت السلطة على
اقرارها في مختلف مناحي الحياة ومن ضمنها ما يتعلق بالاقتصاد والقطاع الخاص، الا ن هذه
القوانين جاءت غير ملائمة وبقي قسم منها غير مكتمل ولم يطبق الجزء المكتمل منها لاسباب
لها علاقة بعدم الاستقرار والاضرابات التي كانت السمة السائدة منذ قيام السلطة وحتى اليوم،
هذا بالاضافة الى حداثة اجهزة هذه السلطة، وضعف الجهاز القضائي الذي يقع على عاتقه
ضمان تطبيق القانون مع الاجهزة الامنية .
كما ان عملية تمثيل القطاع الخاص ايضا حدث عليها تغيرات بعد قيام السلطة الوطنية، اذ
اصبح هناك مجموعة من الجهات تمثل او تدعي انها تمثل القطاع الخاص الفسطيني، وهي
جهات غير حكومية، جاءت على شكل اتحادات ومجالس وجمعيات، تمثل قطاع معين مثل
اتحاد الصناعات او نشاط معين مثل مجلس الشاحنين او جمعية المستوردين، وهناك من يدعي
انه يمثل كل القطاع الخاص مثل المجلس التنسيقي للقطاع الخاص او جمعية رجال الاعمال،
وكان من نتائج ذلك ان كل جهة تعتبر نفسها هي الممثل الاقوى او الانسب لتمثيل القطاع
الخاص، فالغرف التجارية تدعي ذلك وتنكره على المجلس التنسيقي والعكس صحيح .
ونظرا لصغر مجتمع الدراسة الذي هو عبارة عن المؤسسات التمثيلية، فقد ارتأى الباحث
اعتماد منهج المقابلة المباشرة مع القائمين على هذه المؤسسات، من خلال استمارة مقابلة
تضمنت مجموعة من المحاور تم مناقشتها مع المبحوثين .
وقد بينت الدراسة ان هناك اشكالية في عملية التمثيل تم الحديث عنها في المجلس التشريعي،
وتحدث عنها المبحوثون بكل وضوح، وكان من ابرز ملامح هذه الاشكالية ان هناك اكثر من
جهة تدعي تمثيل القطاع الخاص، وهي في حالة من التنافس اللاصحي على الدعم المالي
الخارجي بالدرجة الاولى، وعلى القيمة المعنوية لعملية التمثيل وما يترتب عليها من فتح
المجال لاقامة علاقات دولية واقليمية، يجيرها بعض المتنفذين لخدمة اعمالهم الخاصة، وسبب
ذلك كله هو القوانين السائدة بالدرجة الاولى، وضعف الغرف التجارية في القيام بدورها
كممثل يتصف بالشمول من حيث القطاعات .
وقد بينت الدراسة ان غالبية المعنيين يؤيدون ويرغبون في وجود جسم تمثيلي واحد للقطاع
الخاص بشرط ان ياخذ شكلا مؤسسيا ذو مرجعية قانونية، ويراعى فيه انه ممثل لكل
القطاعات وممثل قادر على تقديم الخدمات المطلوبة وقادر على الضغط على الحكومة لاحداث
التغييرات المطلوبة واولها القانونية، وترى هذه المؤسسات انها تشارك في سن القوانين، الا
انها في الوقت ذاته غير راضيه عنها مما يشير الى ان مشاركتها غير فعالة .
وقد اوصت الدراسة بان على القطاع الخاص نفسه، والجهات الحكومية ذات العلاقة ان
تشترك وتنسق فيما بينها لاجراء التعديل المطلوب في القوانين بما لا يسمح بوجود حالة
الارباك القائمة بالنسبة لعملية التمثيل على اعتبار انها حالة لا تخدم القطاع الخاص وتصعب
من عملية التنسيق من قبل الحكومة مع القطاع الخاص، وهي عملية ضرورية ومطلوبة
لوضع السياسات الاقتصادية والعمل على تنفيذها، كما انه من الضروري ان تكون الشراكة
بين القطاع الخاص والعام شراكة حقيقية على صعيد التشريع ورسم السياسات والخطط
التنموية.
This study was conducted at a time the International institutions are seeking to move forward towards involving the private sector in the development process, and providing support to governments to encourage them to adopt the policy of market economy, restructuring and decreasing the state’s role in economic activities (privatization)in order to reach a stage where the private sector will be able to influence in partnership with the state, it is better for it and the state to have a representing body that speaks on its behalf and to ensure effective coordination and good communication between the two partners. This study addresses the question of the representation of the Palestinian private sector, in terms of who represents the sector to other parties which are related to its activities. One of the most prominent features for this sector is that it went through different circumstances over history that affected its development. In addition, the Palestinian it is a weak sector that is easily impacted by the surrounding exceptional circumstances. The representation of this sector was historically made through the Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture. However, after the arrival of the Palestinian National Authority in 1994 and the consequent changes that affected the private sector even if theoretically in some aspects, events have proven that the Palestinian private sector continued to be endangered from the occupation despite the existence of the Palestinian Authority. In spite of this, real changes were made on the process of representation. The establishment of the national authority was accompanied by a new reality in terms of laws that the authority has adopted in various life perspectives. Some of which are related to economy and the private sector. These laws came inappropriate and part of it remained incomplete. In addition to newly established authority systems, and the weakness of judicial system which is responsible for ensuring the implementation of rules with the security systems. The representation of the private sector also was subject to changes after the establishment of the national authority. A group of non-governmental parties established to represent or claim to represent the Palestinian private sector. These parties came in the form of unions, councils and associations representing a particular sector, such as the Federation of Industries, Shipper’s Council or the Importers Association. While others claim that they represent all the private sector such as the Private Sector Coordinating Council or Businessmen Association. This resulted in each of them considers itself the strongest or the most appropriate representation to represent the private sector, the Chambers of Commerce denied the role the Coordinating Council and vice versa. Due to the fact that the case study is on a small community, the representative institutions, the researcher saw that adopting the approach of directly interviewing directors of these institutions, through a questionnaire that included different aspects with the people involved. The study revealed that a problem exists in the representation process that was discussed in the Legislative Council. This was made clear in the interviews conducted. One of the most prominent features of this dilemma is that more than one party claims to represent the private sector. The study showed that the majority of those interviewed, supports the presence of one representative body of the private sector given that it takes the institutionalized form with a legal reference. Taking into account that it represents all sectors capable of providing the required services and it is capable to pressure the government to bring about legal changes. These institutions sees that it participates in setting laws, but at the same time it is not pleased which implies the non effectiveness of its participation. This study recommended that the private sector itself, and related government agencies to participate and coordinate with each other to conduct the required amendment in laws in order to avoid causing a state of confusion concerning the representation. It is an essential and required process to put forth economical policies and work on executing it, also essential that the partnership between the private and public sector is a real partnership at the legislative level, policy formulation and development plans.
This study was conducted at a time the International institutions are seeking to move forward towards involving the private sector in the development process, and providing support to governments to encourage them to adopt the policy of market economy, restructuring and decreasing the state’s role in economic activities (privatization)in order to reach a stage where the private sector will be able to influence in partnership with the state, it is better for it and the state to have a representing body that speaks on its behalf and to ensure effective coordination and good communication between the two partners. This study addresses the question of the representation of the Palestinian private sector, in terms of who represents the sector to other parties which are related to its activities. One of the most prominent features for this sector is that it went through different circumstances over history that affected its development. In addition, the Palestinian it is a weak sector that is easily impacted by the surrounding exceptional circumstances. The representation of this sector was historically made through the Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture. However, after the arrival of the Palestinian National Authority in 1994 and the consequent changes that affected the private sector even if theoretically in some aspects, events have proven that the Palestinian private sector continued to be endangered from the occupation despite the existence of the Palestinian Authority. In spite of this, real changes were made on the process of representation. The establishment of the national authority was accompanied by a new reality in terms of laws that the authority has adopted in various life perspectives. Some of which are related to economy and the private sector. These laws came inappropriate and part of it remained incomplete. In addition to newly established authority systems, and the weakness of judicial system which is responsible for ensuring the implementation of rules with the security systems. The representation of the private sector also was subject to changes after the establishment of the national authority. A group of non-governmental parties established to represent or claim to represent the Palestinian private sector. These parties came in the form of unions, councils and associations representing a particular sector, such as the Federation of Industries, Shipper’s Council or the Importers Association. While others claim that they represent all the private sector such as the Private Sector Coordinating Council or Businessmen Association. This resulted in each of them considers itself the strongest or the most appropriate representation to represent the private sector, the Chambers of Commerce denied the role the Coordinating Council and vice versa. Due to the fact that the case study is on a small community, the representative institutions, the researcher saw that adopting the approach of directly interviewing directors of these institutions, through a questionnaire that included different aspects with the people involved. The study revealed that a problem exists in the representation process that was discussed in the Legislative Council. This was made clear in the interviews conducted. One of the most prominent features of this dilemma is that more than one party claims to represent the private sector. The study showed that the majority of those interviewed, supports the presence of one representative body of the private sector given that it takes the institutionalized form with a legal reference. Taking into account that it represents all sectors capable of providing the required services and it is capable to pressure the government to bring about legal changes. These institutions sees that it participates in setting laws, but at the same time it is not pleased which implies the non effectiveness of its participation. This study recommended that the private sector itself, and related government agencies to participate and coordinate with each other to conduct the required amendment in laws in order to avoid causing a state of confusion concerning the representation. It is an essential and required process to put forth economical policies and work on executing it, also essential that the partnership between the private and public sector is a real partnership at the legislative level, policy formulation and development plans.
Description
Keywords
بناء المؤسسات والتنمية البشرية , Institutional Building & Human Res. Dev.